Ninety-seven words, taken as core samples.

Kin the textbooks keep apart

Say God: the back of the tongue pressed to the soft palate and let go with the voice, the mouth open, then the tongue tapped at the ridge with the voice. G-D. The dictionaries take God to a Germanic *guda- and, by the usual account, to the one invoked, and hand it godly and gossip; good they keep on a root of its own. This show hears the same two sounds in good; in Urdu godī, the lap a child is held in; in get, forget and guide; in Arabic jadd, the grandfather, and jadīd, the new, where the g of Egypt says the j; in Gītā, the song; and in gut and goad. And this show hears G, K and J as one sound: jade, the green stone, and Persian khudā, God, carry the pair as surely as God itself, with Arabic al-Quddūs, the Holy, and al-Qādir, the Able, two of the ninety-nine names, and Greek kŷdos, the glory. The dictionaries are named beside each word. An episode makes the case; the words wait here for it.

• EnglishGodthe one God, the Creator; a god, one of the powers worshipped — Old English god (OED); Germanic *guda- (Kroonen); by the usual account from *ǵhu-tó-, the one invoked, or by the other the one poured to (Watkins gheu(ə)-, to call, and gheu-, to pour; Kroonen): the dictionary’s own God
• Arabical-Quddūs · al-Qudsthe Holy, far removed from every imperfection and impurity, one of the ninety-nine names of God; Jerusalem, the Holy — q-d-s, to be holy (Wehr, Lane; Yāqūt; al-Tirmidhī 3507): al-maliku l-quddūs, the King, the Holy (Qur’an 59:23); set on the daisy tab toothe case to come
• Arabical-Muqītthe Nourisher, the Keeper, who gives every creature its food and keeps and watches over all things, one of the ninety-nine names of God — q-w-t, to feed, to sustain; qūt, food (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): wa-kāna llāhu ʿalā kulli shayʾin muqītā, and God is ever the Keeper over all things (Qur’an 4:85); set on the magic tab toothe case to come
• Arabical-Majīd · majd · Majīd · Majeed · Majidthe Glorious, great in glory and generous in His giving, one of the ninety-nine names of God; the glory; the name; its common spellings — m-j-d, to be glorious (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): dhū l-ʿarshi l-majīd, Lord of the Throne, the Glorious (Qur’an 85:15); set on the magic tab toothe case to come
• Arabical-Wājidthe Finder, rich and in no need, who wants for nothing, one of the ninety-nine names of God — w-j-d, wajada, to find; wājid, finding, a finder, and one who is rich, in no need (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): wa-wajadaka ḍāllan fa-hadā, and He found you lost and guided you (Qur’an 93:7), the verse that says it in the verb; set on the box tab toothe case to come
• Arabical-Mājidthe Illustrious, noble and glorious, abounding in good and beneficent, one of the ninety-nine names of God — m-j-d, majada, to be glorious, illustrious, exalted; majd, glory, honour, nobility; mājid, glorious, noble, abounding in good, beside majīd, of the same sense but stronger, whence al-Majīd, another of the names (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507); the Qur’an does not use the name, but says of God in its root innahu ḥamīdun majīd, He is Praiseworthy, Glorious (Qur’an 11:73); set on the magic tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdual-Qādir · qadīr · qadr · qudratthe Able, possessing power over all things, and, said of God, the One who decrees and ordains, one of the ninety-nine names of God; having power, as God has power over all things, ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīr (Qur’an 2:20); the measure, the decree, and Laylat al-Qadr, the Night of Decree (97:1); power, and in Urdu nature — q-d-r, qadara, to have power, to be able, and to measure out, to decree (Wehr, Lane; Platts; al-Tirmidhī 3507): qul huwa l-qādiru ʿalā an yabʿatha ʿalaykum ʿadhāban min fawqikum aw min taḥti arjulikum, say: He is the One able to send upon you a punishment from above you or from beneath your feet (Qur’an 6:65); set on the door tab too, and qudrat on the earth tabthe case to come
• Arabical-Muqtadirthe All-Powerful, who has power over all things, a word stronger still than qādir, able, and qadīr, powerful, one of the ninety-nine names of God — q-d-r, iqtadara, to have power, as qadara; muqtadir, possessing power, having mastery (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507), said beside al-Qādir, the Able: wa-kāna llāhu ʿalā kulli shayʾin muqtadirā, and God has power over all things (Qur’an 18:45); set on the magic, dot and door tabs toothe case to come
• Arabical-Muqaddimthe Expediter, who brings forward what He wills and gives it precedence, one of the ninety-nine names of God — q-d-m, qaddama, to put forward, to send ahead, to give precedence, the contrary of akhkhara, to put back, whence al-Muʾakhkhir, the Delayer, the name said beside it (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): wa-qad qaddamtu ilaykum bi-l-waʿīd, and I had already sent you the warning beforehand (Qur’an 50:28), the verse that says it in the verb; set on the magic and atom tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindigodī · god · god meṉ · god meinthe lap, where the child is held; the same, in its short form, and the embrace; in the lap, in someone’s arms; its common spelling — Sanskrit kroḍa, the lap, the bosom (Platts, Monier-Williams)the case to come
• Punjabigoḍā · goḍethe knee; the knees — Punjabi goḍā (Punjabi University 1994; Turner)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindighuṭnā · ghuṭnethe knee; the knees — Hindi and Urdu ghuṭnā (Platts); set on the ten tab toothe case to come
• Punjabigiṭṭāthe ankle — Punjabi giṭṭā (Punjabi University 1994)the case to come
• Englishgoodof worth, kind, right — Old English gōd; Germanic *gōda- (Kroonen, OED); Watkins *ghedh-, to unite, to fit: a root the dictionaries keep from God, and the show hears together with itthe case to come
• Englishgut · goadthe bowel; the pointed stick that drives — Old English guttas and gād: two words the dictionaries keep apart (OED, Kroonen); Watkins *gheu-, to pour, for the firstthe case to come
• Englishget · got · forget · forgot · begetto seize, to obtain; the same, past; to lose from the mind; the same, past; to father — Old Norse geta, beside Old English forgietan and begietan; Germanic *getan- (Kroonen, OED); Watkins *ghend-, to seize; forget and forgot set on the far tab toothe case to come
• AkanKwadwo · Kodwothe boy born on Monday, the day-name; the Fante spelling — Kwadwo, from Dwoada, Monday (Christaller); set on the water tab too, and Kwadwo on the cow tabthe case to come
• Arabic · Persian · Urdual-Khiḍr · al-Khaḍir · Khidr · Khiẓr · Khizr · Khizarthe Green One, the servant of God whom Moses seeks at the meeting of the two seas; the same, in its other reading; the common spelling; the Persian and Urdu; its common spellings — kh-ḍ-r, to be green (Wehr, Lane; Steingass): Khizr has spring in his wake, the Persian saying goes, for the ground he treads turns green (Steingass); fa-wajadā ʿabdan min ʿibādinā ātaynāhu raḥmatan min ʿindinā wa-ʿallamnāhu min ladunnā ʿilmā, and they found a servant of Ours, to whom We had given mercy from Us and had taught knowledge from Our own presence (Qur’an 18:65); al-Khiḍr, al-Khaḍir and Khidr set on the door tab too, and Khiẓr, Khizr and Khizar on the jazz, soar and kiss tabsthe case to come
• Spanishgato · gatathe cat; the she-cat — Late Latin cattus, of uncertain origin (Corominas)the case to come
• Arabic · Urdukhidma · khidmat · khādimservice; the same, in Urdu; the servant — kh-d-m, to serve (Wehr, Lane; Platts); set on the atom tab too, and khidmat on the mother tabthe case to come
• Arabic · Persianakhḍar · khuḍra · khuẓratgreen; greenness, verdure, greens; greenness, verdure, in Persian — kh-ḍ-r, to be green (Wehr, Lane; Steingass): alladhī jaʿala lakum mina sh-shajari l-akhḍari nāran, He who made for you fire out of the green tree (Qur’an 36:80); akhḍar and khuḍra set on the door tab too, and khuẓrat on the jazz, soar, earth and kiss tabsthe case to come
• Arabicjadd · jadīd · Jidda · Jeddah · Jiddahthe grandfather, and the majesty; new; the port of the Ḥijāz, Judda in Yāqūt, from judda, the shore, and the grandmother, jadda, for Eve, whose tomb is shown there, by the popular account of the name; its common spellings — j-d-d (Wehr, Lane; Yāqūt), the j of the north the g of Egypt: wa-annahū taʿālā jaddu rabbinā, and exalted is the majesty of our Lord (Qur’an 72:3); jadīd set on the dot tab toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdujādūmagic, sorcery — Persian jādū, Avestan yātu, Sanskrit yātú, the sorcerer, the sorcery (Steingass, Platts)the case to come
• SanskritGītā · Bhagavad Gītā · Bhagavad Gitathe song; the Song of the Lord; the common spelling — gītā, sung, from gai, to sing (Monier-Williams); Bhagavad Gītā and Bhagavad Gita set on the cow tab toothe case to come
• HebrewGād · Gadfortune, and the son of Jacob and his tribe; the English — gāḏ (Brown, Driver and Briggs); Genesis 30:11the case to come
• Englishguide · guidanceto lead the way; the leading — Old French guider, from a Germanic *wītan, to look after, to watch over (OED, Kroonen); Watkins *weid-, to see; guidance set on the nose and ten tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgospelthe good news — Old English gōdspell, gōd and spell, the good tidings (OED), which the dictionaries give to good and which the show hears in God too; set on the jazz and kiss tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgossip · godlythe god-sibling, the sponsor at baptism, then the talker; of God — Old English godsibb, and god with -ly (OED): the dictionary’s own God; gossip set on the jazz and kiss tabs too
• TeluguGuḍipāṭi · Gudipatia Telugu family name; its common spelling — the show hears in it Telugu guḍi, the temple (Brown 1903); set on the father and taffy tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindigodnāto prick, to puncture; to tattoo — Hindi godnā (Platts); set on the ten tab toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdugadāthe beggar — Persian gadā (Steingass, Platts)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindigaddāthe mattress, the cushion — Hindi gaddā (Platts)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindigūdā · godāthe pulp, the marrow, the soft inner flesh; the same, as the Urdu letters of gūdā may also be read — Hindi gūdā (Platts)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindiguddīthe nape of the neck, the back of the head — Hindi guddī (Platts); the little doll is guḍḍī, with the dolls on this tabthe case to come
• Urdu · Hindigāṛīthe cart, the carriage; now the car, the train — Hindi gāṛī (Platts, Turner; McGregor for the car and the train)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindigaḍḍhā · gaṛhāthe pit, the hole — Hindi gaḍḍhā, gaṛhā (Platts)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindiguḍḍā · guḍḍī · guṛiyā · gudiyathe doll, the boy doll; the girl doll, and the kite; the little doll; its common spelling — Hindi guḍḍā, guḍḍī, guṛiyā (Platts); guṛiyā set on the ray tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindiguṛ · gurjaggery, the raw sugar of the cane; its common spelling — Hindi guṛ, Sanskrit guḍa (Platts, Monier-Williams)the case to come
• Urdu · Englishgodām · godownthe warehouse; the same, in English — Urdu godām; English godown, through Portuguese gudão, from Malay gudang (OED; McGregor); set on the atom tab too, and godown on the ten tabthe case to come
• Urdu · Hindigadhāthe donkey — Hindi gadhā, Sanskrit gardabha (Platts, Monier-Williams)the case to come
• Englishgiddydizzy, light in the head; first, mad, foolish — Old English gidig, apparently from *gudig, possessed by a god (OED): the dictionary’s own God
• DutchGoudathe town of South Holland, and the cheese named for it — Dutch Gouda (OED)the case to come
• Teluguguḍi · gudithe temple; its common spelling — Telugu guḍi (Brown 1903)the case to come
• Urdulughatthe dictionary — Urdu lughat, from Arabic lugha, the tongue, the language, l-gh-w (Platts; Wehr, Lane); set on the leg tab too, beside Arabic lughathe case to come
• Englishjade · jade · jadedthe green stone; the worn-out horse; worn out, dulled by too much — the stone from French le jade, for l’éjade, Spanish piedra de la ijada, the stone of the flank, for the colic it was held to cure; the horse, and jaded after it, of unknown origin: two words the dictionaries keep apart (OED); jaded set on the dot tab toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdukhudā · Khuda · KhodaGod; the same, in its common spelling; the same, as Iran says it — Persian khudā, God, the lord, the master (Steingass, Platts); the word Urdu keeps beside Allāh, as in khudā ḥāfiẓ, God keep you, the farewellthe case to come
• Persian · Urdukhud · khudīself, oneself; egotism, pride, and the selfhood the poet Muhammad Iqbal calls to rise in Asrār-i Khudī, The Secrets of the Self (1915) — Persian khud, khudī (Steingass, Platts)the case to come
• Hebrew · Aramaicqāḏôš · qōḏeš · Kaddishholy; holiness, the holy place; the prayer of praise of the synagogue, said by the mourners too — Hebrew qāḏôš, qōḏeš (Brown, Driver and Briggs): qāḏôš qāḏôš qāḏôš, holy, holy, holy (Isaiah 6:3); Kaddish from Aramaic qaddīš, holy (OED); set on the daisy tab toothe case to come
• Greek · Englishkŷdos · kudosglory, renown; praise, credit — Greek kŷdos (Beekes, OED); set on the daisy tab too, and kudos on the key tabthe case to come
• Arabic · Urduqadam · qadīmthe foot, the step; ancient, of old — q-d-m, to go before (Wehr, Lane; Platts); set on the atom tab toothe case to come
• ArabicKhadīja · Khadija · Khadijahthe first wife of the Prophet, and the first to believe, by the tradition; its common spellings — the name on kh-d-j, where khadīj is the young born before its time (Lane); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Arabical-Jūdīthe mountain on which the ark came to rest — wa-stawat ʿalā l-jūdiyy, and it settled on al-Jūdī (Qur’an 11:44; Yāqūt)the case to come
• Arabicjūd · jayyidgenerosity; good, excellent — j-w-d, to be good, to be generous (Wehr, Lane); jayyid set on the key tab toothe case to come
• Hebrew · Greek · EnglishJudah · Judas · Judethe son of Jacob, and his tribe and land; the same name in Greek, borne by two of the Twelve; the writer of the letter of Jude, in English — Hebrew Yəhûḏāh, which Genesis 29:35 sets beside ʾôḏeh, I will praise (Brown, Driver and Briggs; OED); Judah set on the head tab too, beside yahūd, and Judas on the daisy tabthe case to come
• Hebrew · EnglishGiḏʿôn · Gideonthe judge of Israel who threw down the altar of Baal; the name, in English — Hebrew Giḏʿôn, the hewer, from gāḏaʿ, to hew down (Brown, Driver and Briggs; Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); Gideon set on the ten tab toothe case to come
• EnglishAkkad · Akkadianthe city of Sargon; the Semitic tongue of Mesopotamia, the first of its family to be written — Akkad, the Accad of Genesis 10:10, and Akkadian, named for it (OED); Akkadian set on the ten tab toothe case to come
• Englishkid · kiddothe young goat; the child, and the familiar word for one — Old Norse kið (OED)the case to come
• Englishcodethe book of laws; then the cipher, and the program — French code, Latin cōdex, caudex, the trunk, the wooden tablet, the book (OED, de Vaan)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindigaddī · gaddithe cushion; the throne, the seat of a ruler or a teacher; its common spelling — Hindi gaddī (Platts)the case to come
• English · Latingaudy · gaud · gaudiumshowy; the trinket, the showy thing; joy — gaud perhaps through Anglo-Norman from Latin gaudium, joy, and gaudēre, to rejoice (OED, de Vaan); gaudium set on the atom tab toothe case to come
• English · Italiancadence · cadenzathe fall of the voice, the close of the phrase; the flourish before the close — cadence through French from Italian cadenza, from Latin cadere, to fall (OED, de Vaan); set on the ten and nose tabs toothe case to come
• Englishbarricadethe hasty wall — French barricade, from barrique, the cask the walls were built of (OED); set on the bar and rock tabs toothe case to come
• Old EnglishĒadgȳðthe Old English name, Edith — ēad, riches, prosperity, and gȳð, strife (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); set on the dot and duck tabs toothe case to come
• Greek · Englishdáktylos · dactylthe finger, the toe; the foot of verse, one long and two short, like the finger’s joints — Greek dáktylos (Beekes, OED); set on the duck and tell tabs too, and dáktylos on the lesson tabthe case to come
• Englishdidacticapt at teaching, meant to instruct — Greek didaktikós, from didáskein, to teach (OED, Beekes); set on the dot and duck tabs toothe case to come
• EnglishJudiththe name, the woman of Judah — Hebrew Yəhūḏīṯ (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges; Brown, Driver and Briggs); set on the dot tab toothe case to come
• Englishdictateto say aloud for another to write; to command — Latin dictāre, from dīcere, to say (OED, de Vaan); set on the duck and dot tabs toothe case to come
• Englishdoctorthe teacher, then the physician — Latin doctor, from docēre, to teach (OED, de Vaan); set on the duck and door tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindiṭukṛāthe piece, the bit, the morsel — Hindi and Urdu ṭukṛā (Platts); set on the duck and care tabs toothe case to come
• Englishdigitthe finger, the numeral — Latin digitus (OED, de Vaan); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdutaqdīrthe measuring out, the decree, destiny; in Urdu, fate — q-d-r (Wehr, Lane; Platts); set on the duck and door tabs toothe case to come
• Englishduct · educatethe channel; to bring up — Latin ductus, ēducāre, from dūcere, to lead (OED, de Vaan); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Dakota · EnglishDakotathe people of the northern plains, and the two states named for them; by the usual account, the allies — Dakota dakhóta (Bright; OED); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• English · Latinquiet · quit · quiētusstill, at rest; to leave off, and free of; at rest — Latin quiētus, from quiēs, rest; quit through Old French quite, free, from the same (OED, de Vaan); set on the water and cow tabs too, and quiētus on the daisy tab, and quiet on the bay tabthe case to come
• Englishgoshthe mild oath of surprise — an alteration of God, said to spare the name (OED): the dictionary’s own God; set on the jazz and kiss tabs too
• Icelandic · EnglishGeysir · geyserthe Gusher, the hot spring of Haukadalur in Iceland; the spouting hot spring, and, in Britain, the water heater — Icelandic Geysir, from geysa, to gush, Old Norse geysa (OED); Watkins *gheu-, to pour; set on the jazz, soar, kiss and key tabs toothe case to come
• Englishingotthe bar of cast metal, of gold or silver; first, the mould it was cast in — of uncertain origin, perhaps in and Old English goten, poured, from gēotan, to pour (OED); Watkins *gheu-, to pour; set on the nose tab toothe case to come
• Englishgoitre · goiterthe swelling of the thyroid gland in the neck, the physician’s word; the American spelling — French goitre, from Old Provençal goitron, from a popular Latin *gutturiō, from Latin guttur, the throat (OED); set on the door tab toothe case to come
• Latin · Englishguttur · gutturalthe throat; of the throat, sounded in the throat — Latin guttur (OED); set on the door tab too, and guttural on the real tabthe case to come
• Sanskrit · Urduśilājatu · silājīt · shilajitbitumen, the rock-lac; storax, stone-lac, bitumen; the English name of the resin taken as a remedy — Sanskrit śilā, the rock, and jatu, the lac, the gum (Monier-Williams); Urdu silā-jīt, from Sanskrit śilā-jatu and śilā-jit (Platts); set on the salt and leg tabs toothe case to come
• Englishchit-chat · chitchatthe light talk, the gossip; its closed spelling — a reduplication of chat, itself short for chatter (OED); set on the side, daisy and duck tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgoutthe disease of the joints, the great toe swollen and burning, the physician’s word; first, a drop — Old French goute, from Latin gutta, the drop, for the drops of morbid humour once held to fall into the joint (OED, de Vaan)the case to come
• English · Spanish · Arabic · Greekguitar · guitarra · qīthāra · kithárathe six-stringed instrument; the same, in Spanish; the guitar, the lyre, in Arabic; the lyre of the Greeks — Spanish guitarra, through Arabic qīthāra, from Greek kithára (OED, Corominas; Wehr; Beekes); set on the door tab toothe case to come
• Englishtincturethe medicine dissolved in alcohol, the physician’s word; first, the dye, the colour — Latin tinctūra, the dyeing, from tingere, to dye, the root of tint and taint (OED, de Vaan); set on the ten, nose and door tabs toothe case to come
• SpanishGutiérrez · Gutierrezthe surname, the son of Gutierre; its spelling without the accent, as it is commonly written in the United States — Spanish Gutiérrez, a patronymic from the medieval personal name Gutierre, from a Visigothic personal name of uncertain form and meaning, perhaps a compound of gunthi, battle, and hairus, sword (Hanks, Dictionary of American Family Names, 2nd ed.); set on the door, rice and your tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgather · togetherto bring or come into one place, to collect; into one place, with one another — Old English gaderian, on geador, together; tōgædere, tō and gædere, beside geador (OED); Watkins *ghedh-, to unite, to fit, the root of good; set on the door tab too, and together on the duck tabthe case to come
• Englishconnectto bind together — Latin connectere, con and nectere, to tie (OED); Watkins *ned-, to bind; set on the gene and nose tabs toothe case to come
• Englishtactic · tacticsthe move made to gain an end; the art of arranging forces for battle — Modern Latin tactica, from Greek taktikḗ (tékhnē), the art of arranging, from taktikós and táxis, from tássein, to set in order (OED, Beekes); set on the duck tab too, and tactics on the jazz and kiss tabsthe case to come
• Italian · Englishtoccatathe keyboard piece written to show the player’s touch — Italian toccata, from toccare, to touch, in English from 1724 (OED); the same word as touch and Spanish tocar (OED, Corominas); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Persian · Arabickāghadthe paper — Persian kāghad (Steingass); Arabic kāghad, a Persian word arabicized (Lane); set on the cage tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindilagtā haiit seems, the turn said every day — Hindi lagnā, to touch, to cling, to seem, from Sanskrit lagna, clung, attached (Platts, Monier-Williams); set on the leg tab toothe case to come
• Englishgatethe opening in a wall, and the barrier that closes it — Old English geat, gæt; Germanic *gata- (Kroonen, OED)the case to come
• Englishgoatthe horned and bearded animal — Old English gāt, the she-goat; Germanic *gait- (Kroonen, OED); Watkins *ghaido-, the goatthe case to come
• Arabic · Persian · Urduikhtiyārchoice, election, preference, free will, and in Persian and Urdu control, power, authority — kh-y-r, ikhtāra, to choose, the root of khayr, the good (Wehr, Lane; Steingass, Platts); set on the your tab toothe case to come
• Englishcicadathe large insect of the summer trees, whose males sing shrilly — Latin cicāda (OED); set on the shook tab toothe case to come
• Englishschedulethe timetable, the list of what is to be done and when; first, a slip of paper with writing on it — Middle English sedule, from Old French cedule, from late Latin schedula, the little sheet, the diminutive of scheda, a leaf of papyrus (OED), said with sk- in America and with sh- in Britain; set on the shook, cage, call, side, tell and yell tabs toothe case to come
• Englishskitthe short comic sketch; earlier, a satirical hit, a jibe — of uncertain origin, perhaps from the verb skit, to dart off, beside Old Norse skjóta, to shoot (OED); set on the shook tab toothe case to come
• Englishschizophreniathe disorder of the mind in which thought, feeling and perception come apart from what is real; the physician’s word — German Schizophrenie, Eugen Bleuler’s coinage, from Greek skhízein, to split, and phrḗn, the midriff, the mind (OED, Beekes); set on the shook, daisy, safe, far, run, nay and kiss tabs toothe case to come
• Englishskatethe blade bound to the boot for the ice — Dutch schaats, perhaps from Old Northern French escache, a stilt (OED); set on the shook tab toothe case to come
• Englishscoutthe one sent ahead to look and listen — Old French escoute, the listening, from escouter, to listen, Latin auscultāre (OED, de Vaan); set on the shook tab toothe case to come
• Englishsector · insectthe slice of a circle; the animal cut into segments — Latin sector and īnsectum, both on secāre, to cut (OED, de Vaan); Watkins *sek-, to cut; set on the shook tab too, and insect on the nose tab, and sector on the door tabthe case to come
• Englishelectricitythe power of the charged particles of matter, first the power amber has, when rubbed, to draw light things to it — English from 1646, in Sir Thomas Browne, on Modern Latin ēlectricus, of amber, William Gilbert’s word of 1600, from Latin ēlectrum, Greek ḗlektron, amber, a word of no sure origin (OED, Beekes); set on the Allah, leg, door, rice and side tabs toothe case to come
• Englishguessto judge without knowing for sure; the judgement so made — Middle English gessen, of uncertain origin, perhaps from Scandinavian; compare Middle Dutch gissen (OED); set on the kiss tab toothe case to come
• Englishgoose · geesethe long-necked waterfowl; the plural — Old English gōs, plural gēs; Germanic *gans- (OED, Kroonen); set on the kiss tab toothe case to come
• Englishgazeto look long and steadily; the steady look — Middle English gasen, of uncertain origin, perhaps Scandinavian (OED); set on the kiss tab toothe case to come
• Englishgauzethe thin, open-woven cloth, and the dressing laid on a wound — French gaze, perhaps from Gaza, the town (OED); set on the kiss tab toothe case to come
• Catalan · EnglishBrugadathe family name of the brothers Pedro and Josep Brugada, the cardiologists, and of the syndrome they described in 1992: fainting or sudden death in a heart of normal structure, with right bundle branch block and a persistent ST elevation on the electrocardiogram, the physician’s word — the brothers’ paper of 1992 (Brugada and Brugada 1992); set on the gene, bar and rock tabs toothe case to come
• ArabicRūḥ al-Qudusthe Holy Spirit, a name of Gabriel — r-w-ḥ with q-d-s, holiness (Wehr, Lane): wa-ayyadnāhu bi-rūḥi l-qudus, and We supported him with the Holy Spirit (Qur’an 2:87); set on the rūḥ and daisy tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgoodbyethe farewell — a contraction of God be with you (OED): the dictionary’s own God; set on the bay and tab tabs too
• Urdu · Persiansakht · sakhtīhard, firm, harsh; hardness, severity — Persian sakht (Platts, Steingass); set on the shook tab toothe case to come
• Arabictahajjudthe night prayer, the keeping of vigil — h-j-d, to sleep, and in this form to rise from sleep to pray (Wehr, Lane): wa-mina l-layli fa-tahajjad bihī nāfilatan lak, and in part of the night keep vigil with it, as an extra for you (Qur’an 17:79); set on the ḍuḥā and hawk tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicijtihādthe scholar’s own striving to reach a ruling — j-h-d, to strive, to exert oneself (Wehr, Lane): wa-jāhidū fī llāhi ḥaqqa jihādih, and strive for God as He should be striven for (Qur’an 22:78); set on the head and ḍuḥā tabs toothe case to come
• TeluguYarlagaddathe Telugu family name, borne too by a village of the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh — the village in the census (Census of India 2011); the family name’s sense waits for a source; set on the your, real and leg tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · Arabicṭāqat · taqatthe strength, the power, as Urdu says it; its common spelling — Arabic ṭāqa, ṭ-w-q, to be able (Wehr, Lane); Urdu ṭāqat (Platts); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdutakhtthe throne; the board, the raised seat, the wooden bed — Persian takht (Steingass); Urdu takht (Platts); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• English · Hindi · Urdudacoit · ḍakaitthe armed robber of a gang; the same, in Hindi and Urdu — Hindi ḍakait, from ḍākā, the gang robbery (OED, Platts); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Englishticketthe slip that gives the right to enter or to travel — obsolete French étiquet, estiquette, the note fixed to a thing (OED); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdujismthe body — j-s-m (Wehr, Lane): wa-zādahu basṭatan fī l-ʿilmi wa-l-jism, and He has increased him abundantly in knowledge and in body (Qur’an 2:247); Urdu jism, the body (Platts); set on the Sam and jazz tabs toothe case to come
• Englishjesterthe one who jests — Old French geste, Latin gesta, the deeds done, from gerere (OED, de Vaan); set on the jazz, door and side tabs toothe case to come
• Englishghostthe spirit, the soul; the shade of the dead — Old English gāst, Germanic *gaista- (OED, Kroonen); set on the jazz, kiss and side tabs toothe case to come
• Englishguestthe one received — Old English giest, Germanic *gasti- (OED, Kroonen); Watkins *ghos-ti-; set on the jazz, kiss, host and side tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgust · gushthe sudden blast of wind; to pour out in a rush — gust from Old Norse gustr, a blast; gush Middle English, probably imitative, compare Old Norse gjósa, to gush (OED); set on the jazz and kiss tabs too, and gust on the side tabthe case to come
• Englishgasthe vapour, the airy state of matter — coined in Latin by the Flemish chemist J. B. van Helmont, who died in 1644, after Greek kháos, chaos (OED); set on the jazz and kiss tabs toothe case to come

Platts 1884, Steingass 1892, Monier-Williams 1899, BDB 1906, Wehr 1994, Lane 1863–93, Yāqūt, Muʿjam al-Buldān, OED, Kroonen 2013, Watkins 2011, Turner 1962–66, Brown 1903, Punjabi University 1994, McGregor 1993, Beekes 2010, de Vaan 2008, Hanks, Hardcastle & Hodges 2006, Bright 2004, Corominas & Pascual 1980–91, Hanks & Lenarčič 2022, al-Tirmidhī, Jāmiʿ 3507, Christaller 1881, Census of India 2011, Brugada & Brugada 1992

Kin the textbooks keep apart

Say hello: a breath from the throat, the mouth open, then the tongue laid to the ridge and the voice let round its sides. H-L. The dictionaries take hello to hallo and hollo, the cries, and stop there, at a shout with no ancestry; hall itself they take to Old English heall, a Germanic *hallō- and Watkins’s root *kel-, to cover, with hell, hole and cell. This show hears the same two sounds in Arabic Allāh and ilāh, God and a god, and al-Ḥalīm, the Forbearing, one of the ninety-nine names; in ḥalāl, ḥalqa, the study circle, and ahlan wa-sahlan, the welcome; in Spanish ojalá, which carries the name of God inside it, and hola; in Hawaiian aloha; in hall, whole, hale and hail; in law, halter, haul and holler; in Urdu halkā, light. The dictionaries are named beside each word. An episode makes the case; the words wait here for it.

• ArabicAllāh · Allah · ilāh · al-ilāhGod; the common spelling; a god; the God, which the name is by the usual account — ʾ-l-h (Wehr, Lane): qul huwa llāhu aḥad, say: He is God, One (Qur’an 112:1); lā ilāha illā llāh, there is no god but God (47:19); set on the Allah tab toothe case to come
• Arabical-Ḥalīm · ḥalīm · Halim · Haleem · ḥilmthe Forbearing, whom the disobedience of the disobedient does not hurry into anger, who gives each thing its term, one of the ninety-nine names of God; forbearing, mild, and the name; its common spellings; the forbearance — ḥ-l-m, to be gentle, mild-tempered (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): wa-llāhu ghafūrun ḥalīm, and God is forgiving, forbearing (Qur’an 2:225); set on the lamb tab toothe case to come
• Englishhealthwholeness of body, the physician’s aim — Old English hǣlþ, from hāl, whole; Germanic *hailiþō- (OED, Kroonen); Watkins *kailo-, whole, beside whole and hale on this tab; set on the loud tab toothe case to come
• Arabicḥalāl · ḥallalawful, loosed; to untie, to be lawful — ḥ-l-l (Wehr, Lane): wa-aḥalla llāhu l-bayʿ, and God has permitted trade (Qur’an 2:275)the case to come
• Englishhilla natural rise of the earth’s surface above the land about it — Old English hyll (OED); Germanic *hulni-, beside Latin collis, the hill, from Watkins’s *kel-, to be prominent, the root also of holm, column, culminate and excel, a root Watkins keeps apart from the *kel-, to cover, of hall and hell (Watkins)the case to come
• Englishhellthe hidden place under the earth — Old English hell; Germanic *haljō-, from *helan-, to hide (OED, Kroonen); Watkins *kel-, to cover, beside hallthe case to come
• English · Latin · FrenchHelen · Helena · Hélènethe given name, borne in Greek legend by the famous beauty, the wife of Menelaus, whose seizure by the Trojan prince Paris set off the Trojan War; its Latin form; its French form — Greek Helénē, of uncertain origin, perhaps connected with a word meaning a ray or a sunbeam (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); Pre-Greek by Beekes, beside helánē, a bundle of reeds (Beekes)the case to come
• Englishhall · heallthe great room, the covered place; the Old English — Germanic *hallō-, from *helan-, to hide (OED, Kroonen); Watkins *kel-, to cover, the root of hell, hole, hull and cellthe case to come
• Spanishojaláif only, God willing — Arabic wa-shāʾa llāh, and may God will, by Corominas, or law shāʾa llāh, if God wills, by the Academy’s account; the same shāʾa as in the phrase in shāʾa llāh; set on the Allah and call tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urduḥalqa · halaqathe ring, the circle, and the circle of students round a teacher; the common spelling — ḥ-l-q (Wehr, Lane); Urdu ḥalqa, the circle, the ward (Platts); set on the leg tab toothe case to come
• Arabicahlan wa-sahlan · ahlwelcome, you have come to kin and to level ground; the family, the people — ahl and sahl (Wehr, Lane): ahl al-kitāb, the people of the Book (Qur’an 3:64); set on the salt tab too, and ahlan wa-sahlan on the shah tabthe case to come
• Urduhalkālight in weight, slight; mild, slow — Prakrit halua, Sanskrit laghu, light (Platts, Turner)the case to come
• Spanishholahello — an exclamation of expressive making, like French holà (Corominas)the case to come
• Hawaiianalohalove, greeting, farewell — Proto-Polynesian *alofa, love, beside Samoan alofa and Tongan ʻofa (Pukui and Elbert); the alo, presence, and hā, breath, heard in it are the popular account, not the dictionary’s; set on the Allah tab toothe case to come
• Englishwhole · hale · hailentire, sound; healthy; to greet, first wes hāl, be whole — Old English hāl; Old Norse heill; Germanic *haila- (OED, Kroonen); Watkins *kailo-, whole: the Salām outline of Episode VI reads whole and hale beside salt; hale and hail set on the hay tab toothe case to come
• Englishhole · hollowthe hollow place; empty within — Old English hol, holh; Germanic *hula- (Kroonen; the OED: perhaps of the root of hele, to hide); Watkins sets hole under *kel-, to cover, beside hallthe case to come
• Englishlawwhat is laid down — Old English lagu, from Old Norse lǫg, the plural of lag, what is laid (OED, Kroonen); Watkins *legh-, to liethe case to come
• Englishhalterthe rope for the head — Old English hælfter; Germanic *halftrō-, the handle (OED, Kroonen); set on the door and loud tabs toothe case to come
• Englishhaulto drag, to pull — a spelling of hale, to drag, Old French haler, from a Germanic source, Middle Dutch halen (OED, Kroonen)the case to come
• Englishhollerto shout — a form of hollo, holla, the call, 1600s, the same cry that became hello (OED): the dictionary’s own hello
• Englishalmanac · almightythe book of the year’s days; all-powerful, God’s own epithet — medieval Latin almanac, of unknown origin, an Arabic al-manākh by the old accounts the dictionary does not accept; Old English ælmihtig, all and mighty (OED, Kroonen); set on the lamb tab too, almanac on the man tab too, and almighty on the mother tabthe case to come
• Englishelder · elderthe older one, and the senior of the church; and, another word, the tree — Old English eldra, the comparative of old; Old English ellærn: two words the dictionaries keep apart (OED, Kroonen); set on the door and loud tabs toothe case to come
• Englishhold · hologramto keep, to grasp; the picture of the whole, 1949 — Old English healdan, Germanic *haldan-; Greek hólos, whole, and grámma, the writing, Gabor’s coinage (OED, Kroonen, Beekes); hologram set on the leg and arm tabs too, and hold on the loud tabthe case to come
• Urdu · Hindinahlānā · nehlanato bathe another; its common spelling — Hindi nahlānā, from nahānā, to bathe (Platts); set on the nose and Noah tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · PersianDihlīthe city, in Urdu and Persian — Dihlī, the form Muslims use, beside Dillī, the old Hindu form; dil, an old Hindi word for an eminence, probably its source (Yule and Burnell); set on the tell and ḍuḥā tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · Arabicfi’l-ḥāl · filhal · filhaalat the present time, now, and instantly, immediately; its common spellings — Arabic fī l-ḥāl, at once, immediately: fī, in, and al-ḥāl, the state, the condition, from ḥ-w-l (Wehr, Lane); Urdu fi’l-ḥāl, as al-ḥāl and ḥāl-meṅ (Platts); set on the fall and Allah tabs toothe case to come
• Englishheldkept, grasped, the past tense and past participle of hold — Old English hēold, the past tense of healdan, to hold, whose participle was (ge)healden; Germanic *haldan- (OED, Kroonen); beside hold · hologram on this tab; set on the loud tab toothe case to come
• Arabichilāl · hilal · ahillathe new moon, the crescent; its common spelling; the new moons — h-l-l (Wehr, Lane): yasʾalūnaka ʿani l-ahillati qul hiya mawāqītu li-n-nāsi wa-l-ḥajj, they ask you about the new moons; say: they are times appointed for the people and for the pilgrimage (Qur’an 2:189)the case to come
• Englishheal · holyto make whole or sound, to cure; set apart for religious use, sacred — Old English hǣlan and hālig, both from hāl, whole; Germanic *hailjan- and *hailaga- (OED); Watkins *kailo-, whole, beside whole, hale and health on this tabthe case to come
• Arabicriḥlathe journey, the travel — r-ḥ-l, raḥala, to set out, to travel (Wehr, Lane): īlāfihim riḥlata sh-shitāʾi wa-ṣ-ṣayf, their custom of the journey of winter and summer (Qur’an 106:2); set on the rūḥ tab toothe case to come
• HebrewRāḥēlthe ewe; Rachel, the wife of Jacob, the mother of Joseph and Benjamin — Rāḥēl (Brown, Driver and Briggs); set on the rūḥ tab toothe case to come
• Sanskrit · HindiRāhula · Rahulthe son of Gautama Buddha; the name, in its common spelling — Sanskrit Rāhula (Monier-Williams); set on the rūḥ tab toothe case to come
• Englishbeholdto look upon, to see — Old English bihaldan, with be- (OED); set on the bahu and loud tabs toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdumaḥall · maḥal · Tāj Maḥalthe place, the station; the palace, in Urdu; the Crown of the Palace, the tomb Shāh Jahān raised at Agra — Arabic maḥall, from ḥ-l-l, to alight, to stop at a place (Wehr, Lane); Urdu maḥal (Platts); Tāj Maḥal, with Persian tāj, the crown (Britannica); set on the mahā tab too, and Tāj Maḥal on the duck tabthe case to come
• Arabictahlīlthe saying of lā ilāha illā llāh, there is no god but God — h-l-l (Wehr, Lane); set on the ḍuḥā tab toothe case to come
• Hebrewtəhillāh · Təhillîmthe praise, the song of praise; the Psalms — Hebrew təhillāh, from hālal, to praise (Brown, Driver and Briggs); set on the ḍuḥā tab too, and Təhillîm on the lamb tabthe case to come
• Arabicjahl · jāhil · jāhiliyyaignorance; ignorant; the Age of Ignorance, before Islam — j-h-l (Wehr, Lane): a-fa-ḥukma l-jāhiliyyati yabghūn, is it the judgement of the Age of Ignorance that they seek? (Qur’an 5:50); set on the koh tab too, and jāhiliyya on the lay tabthe case to come
• Arabicnaḥl · an-Naḥlthe bees; the Bee, the sixteenth sura — n-ḥ-l (Wehr, Lane): wa-awḥā rabbuka ilā n-naḥli ani ttakhidhī mina l-jibāli buyūtan, and your Lord inspired the bee: take dwellings in the mountains (Qur’an 16:68); set on the Noah tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Persiannihāldelighted, made happy; in Persian, the young plant, the sapling — Persian nihāl (Steingass, Platts); set on the Noah tab toothe case to come
• Englishannihilateto bring to nothing, to destroy utterly — late Latin annihilāre, from ad, to, and nihil, nothing (OED, de Vaan); set on the Noah, nail and loud tabs toothe case to come
• Englishinhaleto breathe in — Latin inhālāre, from in, in, and hālāre, to breathe (OED, de Vaan); set on the Noah tab toothe case to come

Wehr 1994, Lane 1863–93, Platts 1884, Turner 1962–66, Corominas & Pascual 1980–91, Pukui & Elbert 1986, OED, Kroonen 2013, de Vaan 2008, Watkins 2011, Beekes 2010, Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ, Hanks, Hardcastle & Hodges 2006, Yule & Burnell 1903, al-Tirmidhī, Jāmiʿ 3507, BDB 1906, Monier-Williams 1899, Britannica, Steingass 1892

Kin the textbooks keep apart

Say gene: the body of the tongue pressed up to the palate and let go with a buzz — the J that English makes of the Greek hard G — then the tongue at the ridge with the breath through the nose. G-N in Greek, J-N in the English mouth; and J-N in the mouths of Arabic and Urdu too. Greek génos is the birth and the kind, génesis the coming into being, and the textbooks run them down to *ǵenh₁-, to beget, the root of genus, gentle, kin and king. This show hears the same two sounds in Arabic j-n-n, to cover, to hide: jinn, the hidden ones; janīn, the child hidden in the womb; janna, the garden hidden under its leaves. What is begotten is first hidden. First in the row stands jaundice, the yellowing of the skin and the eyes, the physician’s word: the dictionaries take it to Old French jaunice and Latin galbinus, greenish-yellow, and Watkins to *ghel-, to shine; this show hears the tab’s J-N in it, and the case is to come. Say can, and the same pair comes with the back of the tongue struck against the roof of the mouth: K-N, one pair with G-N and J-N to this show, which hears G, K and J as one. The dictionaries take can to Old English cunnan, to know, and down to *ǵneh₃-, the root of know, ken, canny, gnosis and connoisseur: to be able was first to know how. This show hears the same two sounds in Arabic kāna, to be, and kun, Be; in the Semitic reed that became cane, canon and canal; in Khan, Akan and Canaan; in Urdu kān, the ear, and khānā, the food; and in candle, cancer and country. The dictionaries are named beside each word; the Prophet’s words on the jinn are given from Muslim’s Ṣaḥīḥ and from nowhere else; genuine, inborn, is set here to be read against nice, not knowing, on the nose tab. An episode makes the case; the words wait here for it.

• Arabical-Ghanī · ghanī · Ghanithe Self-Sufficient, the Rich, who has no need of anyone in anything, one of the ninety-nine names of God; rich, free of need; the name in its common spelling — gh-n-y, to be rich, to have no need (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): yā ayyuhā n-nāsu antumu l-fuqarāʾu ilā llāhi wa-llāhu huwa l-ghaniyyu l-ḥamīd, O people, you are the poor in need of God, and God, He is the Self-Sufficient, the Praiseworthy (Qur’an 35:15)the case to come
• Arabical-Mughnīthe Enricher, who enriches whom He will of His servants and makes them content, free of want, one of the ninety-nine names of God — gh-n-y, to be rich, to have no need; aghnā, to make rich, to free from want (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): fa-sawfa yughnīkumu llāhu min faḍlihī in shāʾ, God will enrich you of His bounty, if He wills (Qur’an 9:28); set on the magic tab toothe case to come
• Englishjaundicethe yellowing of the skin and the eyes — Old French jaunice, from jaune, yellow, Latin galbinus, greenish-yellow (OED); Watkins *ghel-, to shine, the root of yellow and gold; the physician’s word; set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Greekkarkínos · carcinogenthe crab, and the cancer; what breeds the cancer, the physician’s word of 1853 — Greek karkínos, the crab, and the cancer, and -gen, from gígnesthai, to be born (OED, Beekes); set on the care, nose, rock and sun tabs too, and carcinogen on the rice tabthe case to come
• Arabicjinn · al-jinnthe hidden beings, made of a smokeless flame of fire (Qur’an 55:15) — j-n-n: janna, to cover, to hide (Wehr, Lane). And each person has one: there is not one of you, the Prophet said, but has been assigned his companion from among the jinn; they asked, and you, Messenger of God? — and I, he said, but God helped me against him, so that he submitted, and he commands me only to good (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2814, from Ibn Masʿūd; and 2815, from ʿĀʾisha)the case to come
• Greek · Englishgénesis · Genesis · genesisthe coming into being; the first book of the Bible; an origin — Greek génesis, from gígnesthai, to be born (Beekes, OED); set on the nose tab toothe case to come
• EnglishJane · Jaynethe given name; its later spelling — the feminine of John, Hebrew Yōḥānān, the Lord has been gracious (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); Jayne set on the key tab toothe case to come
• Englishconceit · constantthe notion, then the high opinion of oneself; standing firm, unchanging — conceit, made in English on conceive, after deceit, from Latin concipere, to take in, com and capere, to take; Latin cōnstāns, from cōnstāre, to stand together (OED, de Vaan); set on the nose and side tabs too, and constant on the ten and net tabsthe case to come
• Sanskritkuṇḍalinī · kundalinithe coiled one, the serpent power at the base of the spine; the common spelling — kuṇḍala, the coil, the ring (Monier-Williams; OED); set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Greekkánnabis · cannabisthe hemp, and the drug of it — kánnabis, a loan into Greek from the east, beside the Semitic reed by some accounts (Beekes, OED); set on the best and nib tabs toothe case to come
• Englishcancerthe crab; the disease — Latin cancer, the crab (OED, de Vaan); set on the soar and nose tabs too; the tumour’s swollen veins spread like a crab’s legs, Galen’s likeness; Watkins *kar-, hard; the physician’s wordthe case to come
• Frenchconciergethe keeper of the door — French concierge, Old French cumcerges, of uncertain origin, read beside a Latin *cōnservius, the fellow slave (OED); set on the nose, soar and your tabs toothe case to come
• Englishcan · cunnanto be able, and first to know how; to know, in Old English — Germanic *kunnaną, from *ǵneh₃-, to know, the root of know (OED, Kroonen, Watkins): its ladder is set in the shaft above, beside gene’s
• Englishgunthe firearm; first, the great engine of war that hurled missiles — Middle English gunne, gonne, probably from a pet form of the Old Norse woman’s name Gunnhildr, gunnr and hildr, both war, battle, as a great ballista of Windsor Castle is named in the inventory of 1330–31, una magna balista de cornu quae vocatur Domina Gunilda (OED); Watkins *gʷhen-, to strike, to kill, for gunnrthe case to come
• Englishgin · ginthe spirit flavoured with juniper; the machine that cleans the cotton, the snare — short for geneva, Dutch genever, the juniper, Latin iūniperus; and Old French engin (OED, de Vaan): two words the dictionaries keep apartthe case to come
• EnglishJen · Jenny · Jennifer · Jeniferthe short form of Jennifer; the pet form of Jennifer, first a Scots pet form of Jean; the given name, the Cornish form of Guinevere; its other spelling — Welsh Gwenhwyfar, white and smooth (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); Jennifer and Jenifer set on the far and knife tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindighanṭā · ghantathe bell, the plate of brass struck for the hours, the gong, the clock, the hour; the common spelling — Sanskrit ghaṇṭā, the bell (Platts, Monier-Williams); set on the net tab toothe case to come
• French · Englishgénie · genie · geniusthe spirit, the genius, in French; the spirit of the lamp, the jinnī of the Arabian Nights, so named by their French translators; the guardian spirit, the gift — French génie, from Latin genius, the spirit of the begetting (OED, de Vaan): the dictionary’s own gene; genius set on the nose and nay tabs too
• Englishcannibalthe eater of human flesh — Spanish caníbal, from Caníbales, Columbus’s name for the Caribs, a form of Caribe (OED, Corominas); set on the ball and nib tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindighanṭī · ghantithe small bell; its common spelling — Sanskrit ghaṇṭikā, the small bell, from ghaṇṭā, the bell; the diminutive of ghanṭā (Platts, Monier-Williams); set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdujān · jaan · jānwarlife, the soul, the beloved; its common spelling; and jānwar, the animal, what has life — Persian jān, Middle Persian gyān, the breath of life (Steingass, Platts); jānwar set on the bar and nib tabs toothe case to come
• English · Italiancantaloupe · Cantalupothe melon with the netted rind and the orange flesh; the papal estate in the Sabine hills where it was first grown in Europe — Italian Cantalupo (OED); set on the tell and net tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicjanna · Jannah · jannatthe garden; paradise — j-n-n (Wehr, Lane): hidden under its leaves; fī jannāti ʿadn, in the gardens of Eden (Qur’an 9:72); Urdu jannat (Platts); jannat set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Arabickāna · kun · kawnto be; Be; the being, the cosmos — k-w-n (Wehr, Lane): kun fa-yakūn, Be, and it is (Qur’an 36:82); makān, the place; kawn set on the ban and cow tabs toothe case to come
• English · Urdu · Hindijungle · jaṅgal · jangalthe land overgrown with trees and tangled growth; the wood, the forest, the waste land; its common spelling — from Hindi and Urdu jaṅgal (OED, Platts; Persian jangal, Steingass), from Sanskrit jāṅgala, jaṅgala, arid, sparingly grown with trees, the desert region (Monier-Williams, Turner); set on the nose and call tabs toothe case to come
• Miami-Illinois · EnglishKankakeethe river of Indiana and Illinois, and the city and county of Illinois on it — from Miami-Illinois teeyaahkiki, the open country, the land laid open to view, which La Salle wrote Téakiki in the early 1680s (McCafferty 2008; Bright 2004); set on the nose and cage tabs toothe case to come
• Sanskrit · Hindi · EnglishJaina · Jainof the Jina, the conqueror: the follower of the faith, and the faith; the same in Hindi and English, and the family name — Sanskrit jaina, from jina, the victor, from ji, to conquer (Monier-Williams, OED; Hanks, Dictionary of American Family Names)the case to come
• Arabicqarīnthe companion, the one yoked beside — q-r-n, to couple (Wehr, Lane): the word of the ḥadīth for the jinn assigned to each person, and of the Qur’an, whoever turns from the remembrance of the Merciful, We assign him a devil, and he is to him a qarīn (43:36); set on the care and run tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicjanīnthe embryo, the child hidden in the womb — j-n-n (Wehr, Lane): wa-idh antum ajinnatun fī buṭūni ummahātikum, and when you were hidden in your mothers’ wombs (Qur’an 53:32)the case to come
• Arabicjanāza · Janazahthe funeral; the bier with its dead — j-n-z (Wehr, Lane), a root of its own; ṣalāt al-janāza, the funeral prayer; Urdu janāza (Platts)the case to come
• Englishgenuinereal; inborn — Latin genuīnus, innate, natural, from gignere, to beget (de Vaan; the OED tells the older story too, from genū, the knee on which a father set the child he acknowledged): to be read against nice, from not knowing, on the nose tab; set on the nay tab too
• Englishgene · genus · generationthe unit of heredity; the kind; the begetting — Latin genus, generis, the race, the kind, and generāre, to beget, from gignere (de Vaan); gene, Johannsen’s coinage of 1909, cut from pangene, on the Greek gen- of gígnesthai (OED); generation set on the rice tab too
• Englishgentle · gentilemild, and once well-born; of the nations — Latin gentīlis, of the same gēns, the clan, from gignere (OED, de Vaan): Old French gentil, well-born, then kind; gentile, for the nations, the gentēs of the Vulgate; set on the tell and net tabs too
• Englishkin · kind · kingone’s family; its nature; the man of the kin, the king — Old English cynn, cynd, cyning; Germanic *kunją, the same root with the g turned to k by Grimm’s law (Kroonen, Watkins); kind set on the net tab too
• Englishnature · nation · nativewhat one is born with; a people; born to the place — Latin nāscī, older gnāscī, to be born, and nātus, born (de Vaan): the g fallen away before the n; nature and nation set on the nose tab too, and nature on the care and soar tabs, and native on the net tab
• Urdu · Hindijanam · janm-dinbirth; the birthday — Sanskrit janman, a birth, from jan, to be born (Monier-Williams, Platts): the same root as genesis, by the textbooks
• Urdu · Hindijan · jantāa person; the people — Sanskrit jana, janatā (Monier-Williams, Platts): the same root, by the textbooks; jantā set on the net tab too
• Hindi · Urdusajan · sajjanthe beloved; the good man — Sanskrit sajjana, sat, good, and jana, a person (Platts, Monier-Williams): the same root as genesis, by the textbooks; set on the shook tab too
• Urdujāndār · jānī · jān-nisāra living creature, what has jān; of my life, the beloved; one who gives his life (Platts); nisār stands on the nose and soar tabs too, under nithār · nisār; jāndār set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Englishoriginthe source — Latin orīgō, from orīrī, to rise (OED, de Vaan; Watkins *er-), a root of its ownthe case to come
• Englishjoin · jointto put together; the place where two parts meet — Latin iungere, iunctus, to yoke together; Watkins *yeug- (OED), a root of its own; joint set on the net tab toothe case to come
• EnglishJanuarythe first month — Latin Iānuārius, the month of Janus, the god of doors and beginnings; iānua, a door (OED, de Vaan); set on the your and nay tabs toothe case to come
• EnglishJamesa name — Late Latin Iacomus, a form of Iacōbus, Hebrew Yaʿăqōḇ, Jacob (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); set on the gem tab toothe case to come
• Greekpentágōnon · pentagonthe five-cornered figure; the building — pénte, five, and gōnía, the corner (Beekes, OED); set on the pan, duck and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishpungentsharp to the smell; first, pricking — Latin pungere, to prick (OED, de Vaan); set on the pan and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishdungeonthe keep of the castle, then its pit — Old French donjon, medieval Latin dominiō, the lord’s tower, from dominus (OED); set on the ten tab toothe case to come
• Englishlegendthe story handed down; first, the saint’s life to be read out — Latin legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read (OED, de Vaan); set on the lesson, leg and net tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicmajnūn · Majnūn · Majnunpossessed by the jinn, mad; the lover of Laylā · Layla · Leila; the common spelling — j-n-n (Wehr, Lane): mā bi-ṣāḥibikum min jinna, your companion is not possessed (Qur’an 34:46); set on the magic tab toothe case to come
• GreekMágnēs · magnet · magnesium · magenta · magnoliaof Magnesia; the stone that draws iron; the metal; the dye; the tree — Mágnēs líthos (Beekes, OED); set on the magic tab too, Mágnēs and magnesium on the nose tab too, and magnesium on the Sam tab too, and magnolia on the lay tab, and magnolia on the nail tab, and magnet and magenta on the net tabthe case to come
• Englishdesignateto mark out — Latin dēsignāre, from signum, the sign (OED, de Vaan); set on the daisy and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishintelligencethe understanding — Latin intellegere, inter and legere (OED, de Vaan); set on the tell, nose, leg and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishtangentthe line that touches — Latin tangēns, from tangere, to touch (OED, de Vaan); Watkins *tag-; set on the daisy, ten and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishmisogynythe hatred of women — Greek misogynía, from mîsos, hatred, and gynḗ, the woman (OED, Beekes); set on the muse and shook tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgamethe play, the sport, and the animals hunted — Old English gamen, joy, sport; Germanic *gamana- (OED, Kroonen); set on the gem tab toothe case to come
• Englishagony · again · argonthe struggle, first the contest of the games, then the anguish; once more, first in the opposite direction; the idle gas, 1894 — Greek agṓn, the contest, from ágein, to lead; Old English ongēan, against, back; Greek argós, idle, a and érgon, work, Rayleigh and Ramsay’s name (OED, Beekes, Kroonen)the case to come
• Englishbeginto start — Old English beginnan; Germanic *ginnan-, of unknown origin (OED, Kroonen)the case to come
• Mi’kmaqtopaqan · tobogganthe flat sled; the English — Mi’kmaq topaqan, through Canadian French tabaganne (OED); set on the tab and box tabs too, and topaqan on the taffy tabthe case to come
• EnglishAlgonquin · Algonkin · Algonquian · Algonkianthe people of the Ottawa valley, and the family of languages named for them, each in its two spellings — French Algonquin, perhaps Maliseet elakómkwik, they are our kin, by the usual account the dictionary records (OED; Bright); set on the leg and nose tabs too, and Algonquin and Algonquian on the cow tabthe case to come
• Englishbackgammonthe board game, 1645 — back and gammon, the game, Middle English gamen (OED); set on the box, man and gem tabs toothe case to come
• Englishengine · ingeniousthe machine, first the skill, the trick; clever at contriving — Old French engin, from Latin ingenium, the inborn talent (OED, de Vaan): the dictionary’s own gene; ingenious set on the nose and nay tabs too
• Englishjeans · jeanthe trousers of twilled cotton; the cloth — jean, from Middle French Jannes, Genoa, the city the fustian came from (OED); jeans set on the nose tab toothe case to come
• French · EnglishJean · Jeanne · Genethe French John; the French Jane; Eugene cut short — Latin Iōhannēs and Iōhanna; Greek eugenḗs, well-born, for Eugene (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges)the case to come
• Arabic · Hebrewqanāh · qāneh · kánnathe reed, the cane — Akkadian qanû, Hebrew qāneh; Arabic qanāh, the cane and the spear-shaft cut from it, then the canal, the tube (Lane, Wehr); Greek kánna and Latin canna took the word from the Semitic (Beekes; Brown, Driver and Briggs): the parent of cane, canal, cannon, canon and canyonthe case to come
• HebrewKənaʿan · Canaan · Canaanitethe land, in Hebrew and in English; its people — Kənaʿan (Brown, Driver and Briggs), of unsettled meaning; Genesis 10:15; Canaanite set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Turkic · Persiankhān · Khanthe ruler — Turkic and Mongol khan, qaghan (OED); Persian khān, the lord, and khān, the caravanserai, another word (Steingass)the case to come
• AkanAkanthe people and the language of Ghana — Akan, in Christaller’s grammar and dictionary (Christaller)the case to come
• Persian · Urdukhāndānthe family, the house — khāna, the house, and -dān, the holder (Platts, Steingass); set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindikānthe ear — Sanskrit karṇa (Platts, Monier-Williams)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindikhānāfood; to eat — Sanskrit khādati, he eats (Platts, Monier-Williams); Persian khāna, the house, in khāndān, is another wordthe case to come
• Urdu · Hindikaunwho — Sanskrit kaḥ punar, who then, through Prakrit kavaṇo (Platts)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindikāṉṭāthe thorn; the fork; the fish-bone — Sanskrit kaṇṭaka, a thorn (Platts, Monier-Williams); set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindikaṅghīthe comb — Sanskrit kaṅkatikā (Platts, Monier-Williams)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindikunjīthe key — Sanskrit kuñcikā (Platts, Monier-Williams)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindiqainchī · kainchithe scissors — Turkish qaychi, the shears (Platts, Steingass); set on the key tab toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdukhūnblood; and murder — Persian khūn, Middle Persian xōn (Steingass, Platts); the physician’s wordthe case to come
• Englishcanny · cunning · con · ken · knowshrewd; skilled; to study; to know; to know — Old English cunnan and cnāwan, the same root (OED, Kroonen); Watkins *gnō-: the dictionary’s own can; know set on the nose tab too
• Englishcouth · uncouthknown, familiar; strange, rough — Old English cūð, the past participle of cunnan (OED): the dictionary’s own can
• Englishcan’t · cannotthe denial of can — can and not, written can’t by the eighteenth century (OED): the dictionary’s own can; set on the net tab too
• Greekgnôsis · diagnosis · prognosisknowledge; the knowing-through; the knowing-before — gignṓskein, to know (Beekes, OED); Watkins *gnō-: the dictionary’s own can; the physician’s two words; set on the nose tab too, and diagnosis on the duck tab
• French · Spanishconnoisseur · conocer · cognition · recognisethe one who knows; to know; knowing; to know again — Latin cognōscere, con and (g)nōscere, to know (OED, Corominas, de Vaan): the dictionary’s own can; recognise set on the rock tab too, and cognition and recognise on the cage tab
• Englishnoble · notice · ignore · narratewell-known, high-born; a making-known; not to know; to tell what one knows — Latin (g)nōbilis, nōtitia, ignōrāre, and gnārus, knowing, whence narrāre (de Vaan, OED): the dictionary’s own can; noble set on the ball and nib tabs too, and notice on the net tab
• Englishcanthe vessel, the tin — Old English canne, a cup; Germanic *kannō-, perhaps from Latin canna, the reed (OED, Kroonen): a second word canthe case to come
• Englishcane · canal · channel · cannon · canyon · canisterthe reed; the water-channel; the bed of the stream, the same canālis by way of Old French; the big tube; the deep cut; the reed basket — Greek kánna, Latin canna, from the Semitic reed (OED, Beekes); canyon, Spanish cañón, from caño, a tube (Corominas); canister set on the door and side tabs too, and canyon on the nay tab, and canal and channel on the nail tabthe case to come
• Greekkanṓn · canon · canonicalthe measuring rod; the rule; by the rule — kanṓn, from kánna, the reed, by the usual account (OED; Beekes, who leaves it open)the case to come
• Englishcontain · container · continentto hold in; the vessel that holds; the land held together — Latin continēre, con and tenēre, to hold (OED, de Vaan); Watkins *ten-, to stretch; set on the ten and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishcantonthe corner; the district — Old French canton, Italian cantone, from canto, a corner, an edge (OED); set on the ten and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishcontinue · contentto keep on; held in, satisfied — Latin continuāre, from continuus, and contentus, held, from continēre (OED, de Vaan); Watkins *ten-; set on the ten and net tabs too, and continue on the nay tabthe case to come
• Italiancantina · canteenthe cellar, the wine shop; the soldiers’ shop and the flask — Italian cantina, of uncertain origin (OED); set on the ten and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishcant · chant · cantothe whining talk; to sing; the song — Latin cantāre, to sing, from canere (OED, de Vaan); Watkins *kan-, to sing; set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Englishcountto reckon; and the nobleman — Old French conter, Latin computāre, to reckon; the count, Latin comes, comitis, the companion (OED, de Vaan); set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Englishconsciencethe knowing within — Latin conscientia, con and scīre, to know (OED, de Vaan): the scīre of nice; set on the nose tab toothe case to come
• Englishconsecutive · consequencefollowing in order; what follows — Latin consequī, con and sequī, to follow (OED, de Vaan); Watkins *sekʷ-; consequence set on the cow tab too, and consecutive on the key tabthe case to come
• Englishconcert · concentratethe playing together; to bring to a centre — Italian concerto, Latin concertāre, to contend together; concentrate on centrum, Greek kéntron, the point (OED); concentrate set on the door and net tabs toothe case to come
• EnglishCanterburythe city — Old English Cantwaraburg, the stronghold of the people of Kent; Kent, Latin Cantium, a Celtic name (Mills); set on the door and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishconcise · cancelcut short; to cross out — Latin concīsus, cut up, from caedere; cancellāre, to cross out with the lattice, cancellī (OED, de Vaan)the case to come
• Englishcandidatethe one who stands for office — Latin candidātus, clothed in white, from candidus (OED, de Vaan): the candor of the tab; set on the dot and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishconversationthe talk together; once, the keeping of company — Latin conversātiō, conversārī, to turn about with, vertere (OED, de Vaan); Watkins *wer-, to turn; set on the side, rice and nib tabs toothe case to come
• Englishcanary · canine · Canary Islandsthe bird, named for the islands; the dog’s; the islands — Latin Canāria īnsula, the isle of dogs, from canis, the dog (OED); Watkins *kwon-; Canary Islands set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Englishcandor · candid · candle · incandescentwhiteness, openness; frank; the light; glowing white — Latin candēre, to shine white; candor, candēla (OED, de Vaan); Watkins *kand-, to shine; set on the net tab too, and candid on the dot tabthe case to come
• Englishcountrythe land lying opposite — Old French contrée, Latin contrāta, from contrā, against (OED); set on the door and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishconnectto bind together — Latin connectere, con and nectere, to tie (OED); Watkins *ned-, to bind; set on the nose and God tabs toothe case to come
• Englishcoin · quointhe stamped metal; the corner-stone — Old French coin, a wedge, a die, Latin cuneus, the wedge (OED)the case to come
• Englishconifer · conethe cone-bearer; the cone — Latin cōnus, Greek kônos, the pine cone, the peak (OED, Beekes); conifer set on the knife tab toothe case to come
• Englishcanoethe dugout boat — Spanish canoa, from the Taíno of the islands, Columbus’s first loan (OED)the case to come
• EnglishCanadathe country — Iroquoian kanata, the village, heard by Cartier in 1535 (OED); set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Englishkangaroothe leaping animal — Guugu Yimidhirr gangurru, a large black or grey kangaroo, written down by Cook and Banks at the Endeavour River in 1770 (OED)the case to come
• Japanesekanjithe Chinese characters of Japanese writing — 漢字: kan, Han China, and ji, the character (OED)the case to come
• FrenchCannesthe town on the Riviera — Canoa in a charter of 1030, in the cartulary of the abbey of Lérins, and Canua after it; a pre-Latin kan, a height, for the hill it stands on, by the French place-name dictionary (Dauzat and Rostaing); the reed, canna, is the other reading, and the name’s origin is unsettledthe case to come
• Englishaskancesidelong, with suspicion — by 1530, of unknown origin (OED); set on the shook and nose tabs toothe case to come
• Greeklexikón · lexiconthe word-book; the English — Greek lexikón, of words, from léxis, the word, légein, to speak (Beekes, OED); set on the lesson, jazz and kiss tabs toothe case to come
• Arabical-Furqānthe Criterion, the twenty-fifth sūra — f-r-q, to separate (Wehr, Lane); set on the far and rock tabs toothe case to come
• Englishconcomitantgoing along with — Latin concomitārī, com- and comes, the companion (OED, de Vaan); set on the ten, gem and net tabs toothe case to come
• Italianbalcone · balconythe platform from the wall; the English — balcone, from balco, the scaffold, a Germanic word (OED, Kroonen); set on the ball tab toothe case to come
• Spanishdesconectar · desconfiarto disconnect; to distrust — Spanish des- on conectar and confiar (Corominas); set on the daisy and shook tabs too, desconfiar on the far tab too, and desconectar on the door tab, and desconfiar on the your tab, and desconfiar on the knife tab, and desconfiar on the pay tabthe case to come
• Englishconsole · counsel · consolidationto comfort; the advice; the making solid — Latin cōnsōlārī, cōnsilium, cōnsolidāre (OED, de Vaan); set on the salt and nose tabs too, and consolidation on the daisy, sun and loud tabsthe case to come
• Arabic · Urdumiskīn · masākīn · miskeenthe poor, the wretched; the poor, in the plural; the common spelling — s-k-n, to be still, to be humbled (Wehr, Lane; Platts); set on the muse and shook tabs toothe case to come
• GreekKandákē · Candace · Candicethe title of the queens of Meroë, in Acts 8:27; the name, and its other spelling — Kandákē (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); set on the daisy and net tabs too, and Kandákē on the duck tabthe case to come
• Englishskinthe hide — Old Norse skinn; Germanic *skinþa- (Kroonen, OED); Watkins *sek-, to cut; set on the shook tab too, where the S-K register reads itthe case to come
• Englishsecondthe next after the first; the sixtieth of a minute — Latin secundus, following, and pars minuta secunda (OED, de Vaan); set on the shook and net tabs too, where Episode III reads itthe case to come
• Englishbaconthe cured back of the pig — Old French bacon, from a Germanic *bakkōn-, the back (OED, Kroonen); set on the box tab toothe case to come
• Englishconvene · convenient · conventionalto come together; fitting, at hand; by the agreement, by custom — Latin convenīre, com and venīre, to come; conveniēns; conventiōnālis, from conventiō, the coming together (OED, de Vaan); set on the water and nib tabs too, conventional on the ten tab too, and convenient on the nay tab, and conventional on the nail tab, and convenient on the net tabthe case to come
• Latincōnstellātiō · constellationthe stars set together; the English — com and stella, the star (OED, de Vaan); set on the tell, nose, ten and side tabs too, and cōnstellātiō on the loud tabthe case to come
• Persian · Urdunākhun · nakhunthe nail of the finger and the toe; the common spelling — Persian nākhun (Steingass, Platts); set on the nose tab toothe case to come
• Englishknock · knackto strike, to rap; the trick, the skill — Old English cnocian, imitative; knack, of uncertain origin, perhaps the same word as knack, a sharp blow, itself imitative (OED); set on the nose tab toothe case to come
• Englishknotthe tie; the knot in the wood; the sea mile an hour — Old English cnotta; Germanic *knuttan- (OED, Kroonen); set on the nose and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishknightthe mounted soldier; first the boy, the servant — Old English cniht; Germanic *knehta- (OED, Kroonen); set on the nose tab toothe case to come
• Englishknuckle · knuckthe joint of the finger; the same, in slang — Middle English knokel; Middle Low German knökel, the little bone (OED); knuck from knuckle and knuckler, the pickpocket (OED); set on the nose and call tabs toothe case to come
• Englishvolcano · Vulcanthe mountain that breathes fire; the Roman god of fire — Italian vulcano, Latin Vulcānus (OED); set on the ball and leg tabs toothe case to come
• Greekdidáskeinto teach — didáskein (Beekes); set on the dot, daisy and shook tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · Arabicdukān · dukaan · dukkānthe shop; its common spelling; the Arabic — Urdu and Persian dukān, Arabic dukkān (Platts, Steingass; Wehr, Lane); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Arabicdukhān · dukhanthe smoke; its common spelling — d-kh-n (Wehr, Lane); ad-Dukhān, the forty-fourth sura; set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindidekhnā · dekhnato see; its common spelling — Hindi and Urdu dekhnā (Platts, McGregor); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Englishtokenthe sign, the mark; the piece that stands for money — Old English tācn (OED); Germanic *taikna- (Kroonen); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Greek · Englishtékhnē · techniquethe craft, the art; the manner of doing it — tékhnē (Beekes, OED); set on the duck tab too, and technique on the nose tabthe case to come
• Englishknees · kneethe joints of the legs; the joint between the thigh and the shin — Old English cnēow, cnēo; Germanic *knewa- (Kroonen, OED); Watkins *genu-, the knee, the root of Latin genū (de Vaan); set on the nose tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindiguṇquality, virtue, merit, skill — Sanskrit guṇa, a single thread or strand of a cord, then a quality (Platts, Monier-Williams)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindiginnā · gintīto count; the counting, the number — Sanskrit gaṇayati, he counts, from gaṇ, to count (Platts, Monier-Williams); gintī set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Urdughusl-khānathe room for bathing, the bathroom — Arabic ghusl, the washing, and Persian khāna, the house (Platts); set on the jazz, salt, leg and kiss tabs toothe case to come
• Spanish · PortugueseGómez · Gomez · Gomesthe surname, Spanish; its spelling without the accent; the Portuguese form — son of Gome, a given name of Visigothic origin, probably from guma, man (Hanks, Dictionary of American Family Names); set on the muse and gem tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgambleto play for money; the risk taken — of uncertain origin; perhaps the obsolete gamel, to sport, from Old English gamen, game (OED); set on the ball, gem and mob tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgumbothe stew thickened with okra; the okra itself — Louisiana French gombo, from a Bantu word for okra (OED); set on the gem and mob tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgainthe profit; to get, to earn — Old French gaaigne, gaaignier, to till, to earn, from a Frankish verb, to graze, to hunt (OED)the case to come
• Englishgenderthe kind, the sex; in grammar, the class of a noun — Old French gendre, Latin genus, generis, the race, the kind (OED, de Vaan); Watkins genə-, to give birth, to beget: the dictionary’s own gene; set on the door and net tabs too
• Englishgimmickthe trick, the device to draw attention; first, in American slang, a hidden contrivance — of unknown origin (OED); set on the magic and gem tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgum · gumthe sticky sap of trees, and the sweet chewed from it; the flesh around the teeth — Old French gomme, Latin gummi, Greek kómmi, a word from Egyptian; Old English gōma, the palate, the jaws: two words the dictionaries keep apart (OED, Beekes); set on the gem tab toothe case to come
• Englishgametethe cell that joins another to make the new life, the egg or the sperm — Greek gametḗ, the wife, and gamétēs, the husband, from gameîn, to marry (OED, Beekes); set on the mother and gem tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgamutthe whole range; first, the whole scale of notes — medieval Latin gamma ut, the lowest note of Guido of Arezzo’s scale, the Greek letter gamma and ut, the first syllable of the hymn (OED); set on the mother and gem tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdujunūn · junoonthe madness, first the being taken by the jinn; in Urdu the passion, the frenzy; its common spelling — j-n-n, the root of jinn and majnūn (Wehr, Lane; Platts)the case to come
• Spanishlagunas · lagunathe lagoons, the ponds; the one lagoon — Spanish laguna, from Latin lacūna, the pit, the pool, the gap (Corominas, de Vaan); set on the leg tab too, and lagunas on the nose tabthe case to come
• Urdu · Hindilikhnā · likhnato write; its common spelling — Hindi likhnā, from Sanskrit likhati, he scratches, he writes (Platts, Monier-Williams); set on the leg tab toothe case to come
• Englishvirgin · Virginiaone who has never had sex, the maiden; the colony, then the state, and the given name — Old French virgine, Latin virgō, virginis, the maiden (OED), of uncertain origin (de Vaan); the colony named for Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen (OED); the name, Latin Virginia, the feminine of the Roman family name Verginius or Virginius (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); set on the water, bar and rock tabs too, and Virginia on the nay tabthe case to come
• Englishmechanic · mechanical · mechanismthe worker skilled with machines; of machines, working as a machine does; the working parts, the way a thing works — French mécanique and Latin mēchanicus, from Greek mēkhanikós, of machines, from mēkhanḗ, the contrivance; mechanical from mechanic; modern Latin mechanismus, from the same mēkhanḗ (OED, Beekes); Watkins *magh-, to be able; set on the nose and magic tabs too, mechanical on the call tab, and mechanism on the Sam tabthe case to come
• EnglishNorwegianof Norway, its people, its tongue — from Norway, Old Norse Norvegr, the north way (OED); Watkins sets Norwegian under *ner-, the root of north; set on the nose, rib, box and water tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgonadthe organ that makes the sex cells, the ovary or the testis, the physician’s word — modern Latin gonas, gonad-, from Greek gonḗ and gónos, the generation, the seed, the offspring (OED, Beekes); Beekes *ǵenh₁-, Watkins genə-, to give birth, to beget: the dictionary’s own gene; set on the net tab too
• Englishgauntlet · gauntletthe armoured glove; the punishment of running between two rows of men who strike at the offender — French gantelet, the little glove, from gant, the glove; and gantlope, from Swedish gatlopp, gata, the lane, and lopp, the course, altered after the glove (OED): two words the dictionaries keep apart; set on the tell, net and loud tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindithaknāto tire, to be weary — Urdu and Hindi thaknā (Platts, McGregor); set by Turner under *sthakk, stop, halt (Turner); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• EnglishJonesthe surname, English and Welsh: the son of John — from the Middle English personal name Jon(e), John, with the -s of the genitive or an -s added later (Hanks, Dictionary of American Family Names); the name of Sir William Jones, whose discourse at Calcutta in 1786 set Sanskrit, Greek and Latin side by side (Jones 1786); set on the nose tab toothe case to come
• EnglishJohn · Joanthe given name; its feminine — Latin Iōhannēs, Greek Iōánnēs, Hebrew Yōḥānān, the Lord has been gracious; Joan through Old French Jo(h)anne, Latin Iōhanna (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges)the case to come
• Englishcollagenthe protein of skin, bone and tendon that yields gelatin, the glue, when boiled, the physician’s word — French collagène, from Greek kólla, the glue, and -gène, producing, from Greek -genḗs, born (OED, Beekes); Beekes *ǵenh₁-, to be born: the dictionary’s own gene; set on the call and leg tabs too
• Englishanacondathe great water boa of South America; first, in 1768, the name of a great snake of Ceylon — a word of uncertain origin, perhaps from Sinhalese henakandaya, the whip snake, from hena, lightning, and kanda, stem (OED; Yule and Burnell); set on the nose and net tabs toothe case to come
• EnglishCajunthe French-speaking people of Louisiana, of Acadian descent, and their speech and cooking — an alteration of Acadian, first found in 1862 (OED); set on the cage tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindi · Englishjangalī · jaṅglī · jungli · jungleewild, untilled, of the jungle; the same, in Hindi; wild, uncultured, in Indian English; its common spelling — Persian and Urdu jangalī, from jangal, the jungle (Steingass); Hindi jã̄glī, wild, rural (Turner); jungli, from jungle (OED); set on the nose and call tabs toothe case to come
• EnglishJunethe sixth month — Latin Iūnius, for mēnsis Iūnius, the month of Iūnō, Juno (OED)the case to come
• Englishjunioryounger; the younger of two who bear one name, the son named for his father — Latin iūnior, younger, the comparative of iuvenis, young (OED, de Vaan); set on the nose, your and nay tabs toothe case to come
• Englishjanitorthe caretaker of a building; once the doorkeeper — Latin iānitor, the doorkeeper, from iānua, the door (OED, de Vaan); set on the door and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishjinglethe light ringing of small metal things; the short catchy verse or tune — Middle English gingelen, gynglen, imitative of the sound (OED); set on the nose and call tabs toothe case to come
• Englishjunk · junkrubbish, things thrown away, first old rope and cable; the sailing ship of the China seas — of unknown origin; and Portuguese junco, from Malay jong (OED): two words the dictionaries keep apart; set on the nose tab toothe case to come
• Englishjangleto ring harshly, the harsh ringing; first to chatter, to wrangle — Old French jangler, to chatter, to gossip (OED); set on the nose and call tabs toothe case to come
• Latin · EnglishIānus · Janusthe Roman god of doors and of beginnings, with two faces; the same in English — Latin Iānus, beside iānua, the door (OED, de Vaan); set on the nose tab toothe case to come
• Latin · EnglishIūnō · Junothe queen of the Roman gods, the goddess of women and of marriage; the same in English — Latin Iūnō, whose month is Iūnius, June (OED)the case to come
• Tamil · HindiGhajinithe title of A. R. Murugadoss’s film in Tamil (2005) and of his remake of it in Hindi (2008), with Aamir Khan — the films’ own spelling (Murugadoss, Ghajini, 2005, 2008); set on the cage tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindilagnā · lagnato touch, to cling, to be set to; to seem, to feel; its common spelling — Hindi lagnā, from Sanskrit lagna, clung, attached (Platts, Monier-Williams); set on the leg tab toothe case to come
• English · Arabicmanganese · manganīsthe grey metal, and first the black ore it is drawn from; the same, in Arabic — French manganèse, from Italian manganese, an altered form of medieval Latin magnesia, the Magnesian stone, which also names magnesium (OED; Wehr); set on the nose and man tabs toothe case to come
• English · ItalianTuscany · Toscanathe region of central Italy, round Florence; its Italian name — the land of the Tusci, the Etruscans, Late Latin Tuscia (OED; Britannica); set on the shook and daisy tabs toothe case to come
• Englishscantbarely enough, too little — Old Norse skamt, the neuter of skammr, short (OED); set on the shook and net tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicmaskan · masākinthe dwelling, the home; the dwellings — s-k-n, to dwell (Wehr, Lane): wa-masākina ṭayyibatan fī jannāti ʿadn, and good dwellings in the gardens of Eden (Qur’an 9:72); set on the shook and muse tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · Persian · UrduIskandar · Sikandar · SikanderAlexander, the king of Macedon, in Arabic and Persian; in Persian and Urdu; its common spelling — the Greek Aléxandros (Steingass, Platts); set on the shook, net and door tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicsikkīnthe knife — s-k-n (Wehr, Lane): wa-ātat kulla wāḥidatin minhunna sikkīnan, and she gave each one of them a knife (Qur’an 12:31); set on the shook tab toothe case to come
• Arabicsakanato be still, to rest, to dwell — s-k-n (Wehr, Lane): wa-lahū mā sakana fī l-layli wa-n-nahār, and to Him belongs whatever dwells in the night and the day (Qur’an 6:13); set on the shook tab toothe case to come
• Hebrew · Englishmishkān · Shekhinah · Shekinahthe tabernacle, the dwelling; the dwelling presence of God, in the rabbis’ Hebrew; its English spelling — sh-k-n, shākhan, to settle, to dwell (Brown, Driver and Briggs; OED); set on the shook tab too, and mishkān on the muse tabthe case to come
• Greekkunéōto kiss — Greek kunéō (Beekes); set on the kiss tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindikaṉwal · kanwal · kanvalthe lotus; its common spellings — Hindi kaṉwal, from Sanskrit kamala, the lotus (Platts, Monier-Williams); set on the nib and ball tabs toothe case to come
• Korean · Englishkimchi · kimcheethe Korean dish of vegetables, cabbage and radish above all, salted, seasoned and fermented; its other English spelling — Korean kimch’i (OED); set on the gem and muse tabs toothe case to come
• Spanish · PortugueseCamachothe Spanish and Portuguese family name — Camacho (Hanks 2003); set on the gem and muse tabs toothe case to come
• Catalan · EnglishBrugadathe family name of the brothers Pedro and Josep Brugada, the cardiologists, and of the syndrome they described in 1992: fainting or sudden death in a heart of normal structure, with right bundle branch block and a persistent ST elevation on the electrocardiogram, the physician’s word — the brothers’ paper of 1992 (Brugada and Brugada 1992); set on the God, bar and rock tabs toothe case to come
• French · Englishgenrethe kind, the sort; the kind of a work of art, the style — French genre, kind, from Latin genus, generis, the race, the kind (OED, de Vaan; Watkins genə-): the dictionary’s own gene; set on the nose tab too
• Englishgenerateto bring into being, to beget, to produce — Latin generāre, to beget, from genus, generis (OED, de Vaan; Watkins genə-): the dictionary’s own gene; set on the nose and earth tabs too
• Englishgeneral · genericof the whole kind, not particular; and the commander of an army; of the kind, belonging to a whole class — Latin generālis, from genus, generis; generic through French générique, on the same genus (OED, de Vaan; Watkins genə-): the dictionary’s own gene; set on the nose tab too, general on the real tab, and generic on the rock tab
• Englishgenerousgiving freely, open-handed; first, of noble birth — Latin generōsus, of good stock, from genus, generis (OED, de Vaan; Watkins genə-): the dictionary’s own gene; set on the nose and rice tabs too
• Englishcongenitalpresent from birth, the physician’s word — Latin congenitus, born with, con and genitus, born, from gignere (OED, de Vaan; Watkins genə-): the dictionary’s own gene; set on the nose, net and tell tabs too
• Englishprogeny · progenitorthe offspring, the descendants; the forefather, the ancestor — Latin prōgeniēs and prōgenitor, from prōgignere, to beget, prō and gignere (OED, de Vaan; Watkins genə-): the dictionary’s own gene; set on the far and rock tabs too, and progenitor on the net and door tabs
• Englishgenetic · genetics · genomeof the genes, of heredity, and first of the origin; the science of heredity, William Bateson’s word of 1905; the whole set of an organism’s genes, Hans Winkler’s German Genom of 1920 — genetic made on génesis; genome from Gen and Chromosom (OED; Watkins genə-): the dictionary’s own gene; genetic and genetics set on the net and duck tabs too, genetics on the kiss tab, and genome on the name tab
• Englishindigenous · indigeneborn in the land, native to it; the native — Latin indigena, the native, from indu, within, and gignere, to beget (OED, de Vaan; Watkins genə-): the dictionary’s own gene; set on the net and duck tabs too, and indigenous on the nose tab
• Englishhurricanethe great storm of the tropics, the wind that turns — Spanish huracán, from Taíno (OED, Corominas); set on the hair and rock tabs toothe case to come
• EnglishCainthe first son of Adam and Eve, the tiller of the ground who killed his brother Abel (Genesis 4) — Hebrew Qayin (Brown, Driver and Briggs); set on the key tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindimahaknāto give off fragrance — Hindi mahak (Platts); set on the mahā and hawk tabs toothe case to come
• Englishmahoganythe hard red-brown wood of a tropical tree — of unknown origin (OED); set on the mahā and hawk tabs toothe case to come
• Englishpecanthe nut of the hickory of the Mississippi valley, and the tree — French pacane, from Illinois pakani (OED); set on the focus tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindithūknāto spit — Hindi and Urdu thūknā, from thūk, the spittle (Platts, McGregor); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• English · Japanesetycoon · taikunthe magnate, the great man of business; the great lord, the title by which foreigners knew the shōgun — Japanese taikun, from Chinese tai, great, and kiün, the prince (OED); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Englishsignalthe sign given, the sign that carries word — Old French signal, medieval Latin signāle, from Latin signum, the sign (OED, de Vaan); set on the nail and shook tabs toothe case to come

Wehr 1994, Lane 1863–93, Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ, OED, de Vaan 2008, Beekes 2010, Watkins 2011, Kroonen 2013, Monier-Williams 1899, Platts 1884, Steingass 1892, Hanks, Hardcastle & Hodges 2006, Bright 2004, BDB 1906, Corominas & Pascual 1980–91, Christaller 1881, Dauzat and Rostaing 1963, Mills 2011, Hanks 2003, McGregor 1993, Turner 1962–66, Yule & Burnell 1903, Murugadoss, Ghajini (2005, 2008), Jones 1786, al-Tirmidhī, Jāmiʿ 3507, Britannica, McCafferty 2008, Brugada & Brugada 1992

Kin the textbooks keep apart

Say nose: the tongue at the ridge with the breath let out through the nose, then the hiss. N-S. God breathed into the nostrils in Genesis, and into the man in the Qur’an, and this show hears the breath and the people in the same two sounds: Arabic nafas, the breath, nās, the people, and insān, the human; Hebrew nəshāmāh, the breath of life; Akkadian nišū, the people. The dictionaries give N-S to nostril, nasal and nosy, and, where Latin turns the s to r, to nares and nariz. This show hears it again in Arabic nuṣṣ, the half, and Spanish nosotros, we; in sneeze and Nostratic, in nation and nice, in nisba and the ta- words of the grammar, and in the names Anas, Anīs, Munazzah and Nāzish; and it sets Arabic nār, the fire, and nūr, the light, beside the Latin r. Read nice, from a Latin word for not knowing, against genuine on the gene tab. An episode makes the case; the words wait here for it.

• Arabican-Nūr · nūrthe Light, by whose light the dim of sight see and by whose guidance the erring are set right, one of the ninety-nine names of God; light, brightness — n-w-r, the root of light (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): Allāhu nūru s-samāwāti wa-l-arḍ, God is the light of the heavens and the earth (Qur’an 24:35), in Sūrat an-Nūr, the chapter of lightthe case to come
• Greek · EnglishNárkissos · Narcissus · narcissus · narcissistthe youth of the myth who loved his own reflection; his name in Latin and English; the flower named for him; the one in love with himself — Greek Nárkissos, a Pre-Greek word by its suffix -issos, which the ancients heard beside nárkē, numbness (Beekes, OED); set on the rock tab too, and narcissist on the side tab, and Nárkissos on the jazz and kiss tabs, and Narcissus, narcissus and narcissist on the rice tabthe case to come
• Greek · Englishnárkē · narcosis · narcoticnumbness, stupor; the stupor a drug brings on; the drug that numbs — Greek nárkē, nárkōsis, narkōtikós (Beekes, OED); set on the rock tab too, and narcotic on the duck tab, and narcosis on the jazz and kiss tabsthe case to come
• Spanishnosotroswe, ourselves — nos, we, and otros, others, Latin nōs and alterōs (Corominas); set on the side, door and rice tabs toothe case to come
• English · Spanish · Arabic · HebrewNazareth · Nazaret · an-Nāṣira · Natzratthe town of Galilee where Jesus grew up; the same, in the Spanish spelling; its Arabic name; its Hebrew name — Greek Nazarét (Matthew 2:23), Nazaréth (Matthew 21:11); Arabic an-Nāṣira (Yāqūt); Hebrew Natzrat (Encyclopaedia Judaica); set on the soar tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdunaẓar · nazarthe look, the sight, the gaze; in Urdu, the evil eye too; its common spelling — n-ẓ-r, to look (Wehr, Lane; Platts); set on the soar tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdunithār · nisār · nisarwhat is scattered, the coins and the sweets thrown at a wedding, in Arabic; the scattering, then the offering of oneself, the sacrifice, in Urdu, as in jān-nisār, who gives his life; the common spelling — n-th-r, to scatter (Wehr, Lane; Platts nis̤ār): one root, two tongues, two meanings; jān-nisār stands on the gene tab; set on the soar tab too, and nithār on the door and net tabsthe case to come
• Greekkarkínos · carcinogenthe crab, and the cancer; what breeds the cancer, the physician’s word of 1853 — Greek karkínos, the crab, and the cancer, and -gen, from gígnesthai, to be born (OED, Beekes); set on the care, gene, rock and sun tabs too, and carcinogen on the rice tabthe case to come
• Arabicniṣf · nuṣṣthe half; the half as Egypt and the Levant say it — n-ṣ-f (Wehr, Lane): fa-lahā n-niṣf, hers is the half (Qur’an 4:11); niṣf set on the safe tab toothe case to come
• Latinnostrās · Nostraticof our country, one of ours; the family of tongues named from it — nostrās, nostrātēs (OED, under Nostratic); Pedersen’s name of 1903, nostratisch, for the family he heard behind Indo-European, Semitic and the rest; set on the side and door tabs too, and Nostratic on the duck and earth tabs, and nostrās on the rice tabthe case to come
• FrenchNostradamusthe Latin name of Michel de Nostredame, the seer of 1555 — Notre-Dame, Our Lady, turned into Latin (OED); set on the atom, muse, earth, side and door tabs toothe case to come
• Greeknóstos · nostalgiathe homecoming; the ache for it, Hofer’s word of 1688 — nóstos, the return, and álgos, the pain (Beekes, OED); the physician’s word once; set on the tell, side and leg tabs toothe case to come
• Greek · Englishgénesis · Genesis · genesisthe coming into being; the first book of the Bible; an origin — Greek génesis, from gígnesthai, to be born (Beekes, OED); set on the gene tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdunaṣīb · Naseeb · Nasibthe share, the lot; in Urdu, one’s fortune, and the name; its common spellings — n-ṣ-b (Wehr, Lane; Platts): ulāʾika lahum naṣībun mimmā kasabū, those will have a share of what they earned (Qur’an 2:202); set on the sieve tab toothe case to come
• French · Englishnoirblack; the dark film, the crime story told in shadow — French noir, from Latin niger, black (OED, de Vaan); set on the bar tab toothe case to come
• Englishnourishto feed, to keep alive and growing — Old French norir, lengthened stem noriss-, from Latin nūtrīre, to suckle, to feed (OED, de Vaan); set on the rice tab toothe case to come
• Englishnursethe one who tends the sick; first, the woman who suckles another’s child — Middle English norice, Old French norice, from Late Latin nūtrīcia, from nūtrīx, the wet-nurse, and nūtrīre, to suckle (OED, de Vaan); the physician’s word; set on the rice tab toothe case to come
• Englishknees · kneethe joints of the legs; the joint between the thigh and the shin — Old English cnēow, cnēo; Germanic *knewa- (Kroonen, OED); Watkins *genu-, the knee, the root of Latin genū (de Vaan); set on the gene tab toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdunishān · nishan · nishaanthe sign, the mark, the impression; the trace, the vestige; the scar; the target; the flag; its common spellings — Persian nishān, from nishāndan, to seat, to set down, the causative of nishastan, to sit (Steingass, Platts); Arabic took it as nīshān, the target, the medal (Wehr); set on the sun tab toothe case to come
• Englishnestthe bird’s bed, built for its young — Old English nest; Indo-European *nizdo-, from *ni-, down, and *sed-, to sit: the sitting-down place (OED, Watkins); set on the side tab toothe case to come
• Spanishnaranjathe orange — Arabic nāranj, Persian nārang, Sanskrit nāraṅga (Corominas; Wehr, Platts); set on the run tab toothe case to come
• Arabicnār · an-Nārfire; and the Fire, Hell — n-w-r (Wehr, Lane), the root it shares with nūr, the light: fa-ttaqū n-nāra llatī waqūduhā n-nāsu wa-l-ḥijāra, so fear the Fire whose fuel is people and stones (Qur’an 2:24)the case to come
• EnglishNorseof Norway, and of old Scandinavia; its people and its tongue — partly Dutch noors, partly a Scandinavian word (OED); Watkins sets Norse under *ner-, the root of north; set on the rice tab toothe case to come
• Englishnorththe quarter opposite the south — Old English norþ, a word inherited from Germanic, Kroonen’s *nurþera- (OED, Kroonen); Watkins *ner-, under, also on the left, and so, with the face to the east, north; set on the earth tab toothe case to come
• English · Greeknystagmus · nystagmósthe involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyes, the physician’s word; the nodding, the drowsiness — Latin nystagmus, from Greek nystagmós, from nystázein, to nod, to be sleepy (OED, Beekes); set on the side, duck, muse and gem tabs toothe case to come
• Spanishnarizthe nose — Latin nārēs through a Vulgar Latin *nārīcae (Corominas): the same r; set on the rice tab too
• Urdu · Persiannā-rāẓ · naraz · naraazdispleased, discontented, angry; its common spellings — Persian nā-, not, and rāẓī, content, from Arabic rāḍin, content, well pleased, r-ḍ-w, raḍiya, to be well pleased (Steingass; Wehr, Lane); set on the rice tab toothe case to come
• Englishenergythe power to do, the force at work; first, the force of an utterance — Late Latin energīa, from Greek enérgeia, the activity, the working, from energós, at work: en, in, and érgon, the work (OED, Beekes); Watkins *werg-, to do; set on the rock tab toothe case to come
• Englishnostrilthe nose-hole — Old English nosþyrl, nosu and þyrel, a hole; nosethirl and nostrille in Middle English, Chaucer’s Miller and Trevisa (OED): the dictionary’s own nose; set on the side, door and real tabs too
• Arabicnās · an-nāsthe people, mankind — the last chapter of the Qur’an, Sūrat an-Nās (114); ʾ-n-s, the root of insān (Wehr, Lane)the case to come
• Arabicinsānthe human being — ʾ-n-s (Wehr, Lane); Sūrat al-Insān (76); uns, intimacy, and anīs, the close companionthe case to come
• Arabicnafas · nafsthe breath; the soul, the self — n-f-s (Wehr). The breathing of Qur’an 32:9, wa-nafakha fīhi min rūḥihi, and He breathed into him of His spirit, is n-f-kh; this show hears one breath in the two roots; set on the face and knife tabs toothe case to come
• Hebrewnəshāmāhthe breath — wayyippaḥ bə-ʾappāw nishmat ḥayyīm, and He breathed into his nostrils the breath of life (Genesis 2:7; Brown, Driver and Briggs)the case to come
• Akkadiannišūthe people, mankind (Chicago Assyrian Dictionary)the case to come
• Arabicnisāʾ · an-Nisāʾthe women — Sūrat an-Nisāʾ (4); n-s-w, a plural that has no singular of its own, imraʾa serving for one woman (Wehr, Lane)the case to come
• Arabicnasiyato forget — n-s-y (Wehr, Lane): wa-laqad ʿahidnā ilā Ādama min qablu fa-nasiya, and We had made a covenant with Adam before, but he forgot (Qur’an 20:115); Lane records the old derivation of insān from this verb, beside the one from unsthe case to come
• Arabicnisbarelation, ratio, attribution — n-s-b (Wehr, Lane): the grammarians’ nisba, the -ī that makes an adjective of a name, Makkī of Makka; set on the sieve tab toothe case to come
• Arabictanaffusbreathing, respiration — n-f-s, the verbal noun of tanaffasa, to breathe, beside nafas, the breath (Wehr); set on the ten, face and knife tabs toothe case to come
• Arabictanāsub · tanāsulproportion, suitability; and reproduction, procreation — n-s-b and n-s-l, from nasl, offspring (Wehr); set on the ten tab too, and tanāsub on the sieve tabthe case to come
• Englishnicepleasant; and once, foolish, simple — Old French nice, Latin nescius, not knowing, ne and scīre, to know (OED): this show sets it beside nasiya, the human who forgets, and reads it against genuine, inborn, on the gene tabthe case to come
• Englishconsciencethe knowing within — Latin conscientia, con and scīre, to know (OED, de Vaan): the scīre of nice; set on the gene tab toothe case to come
• Greekgnôsis · gnosisknowledge, the knowing — gignṓskein, to know (Beekes); Watkins *gnō-, the root of know and can; set on the gene tab toothe case to come
• Englishdiagnosis · prognosisthe knowing-through; the knowing-before — Greek diágnōsis and prógnōsis, from gignṓskein, to know (OED); Hippocrates’ Prognostic; the physician’s two words; set on the gene tab too, and diagnosis on the duck tabthe case to come
• Arabicnawsa swaying, a moving to and fro — n-w-s: nāsa, yanūsu (Lane); the rival derivation of nās, the people, from this root, which Lane records against the one from ʾ-n-s; set on the nib tab toothe case to come
• Arabicnaṣr · al-Anṣār · Ansarhelp, victory; the Helpers, the people of Medina who took the Emigrants in — n-ṣ-r, naṣara, to help (Wehr, Lane): idhā jāʾa naṣru llāhi wa-l-fatḥ, when the help of God comes, and the victory (Qur’an 110:1); al-muhājirīna wa-l-anṣār, the Emigrants and the Helpers (9:100)the case to come
• ArabicNaṣr ad-Dīn · Nasruddin · Nasreddin · Nasrudina name, the victory of the faith; its common spellings — naṣr and dīn (Wehr, Lane); Nasreddin Hoca, as Turkish spells the name, Nasreddin Hodja in English, the wise fool of the Turkish tales; Mulla Nasrudin in Idries Shahthe case to come
• ArabicAnasthe name — Anas ibn Mālik, the Prophet’s servant; ʾ-n-s, the root of uns, friendliness, and anīs, the companion (Wehr, Lane)the case to come
• ArabicAnīs · Anees · Anisthe close friend, the companion, and the name; its common spellings — ʾ-n-s (Wehr)the case to come
• ArabicMunazzah · Munazzakept clear of every fault, exalted — n-z-h: munazzah (Wehr); a woman’s namethe case to come
• Persian · UrduNāzish · Nazishpride, glorying — nāzish, from nāzīdan, to take pride, on nāz, coquetry, the graceful airs of the beloved (Steingass, Platts); a woman’s namethe case to come
• Englishnasalof the nose — Latin nāsus, nāsālis (OED): the dictionary’s own nose; set on the salt tab too
• Englishnosyprying — from nose: first, having a large nose; then inquisitive, by 1882 (OED): the dictionary’s own nose
• Englishsneezea burst of breath out through the nose — Old English fnēosan, Middle English fnese; its fn- misread as ſn-, the long s, once fn- had grown unfamiliar, and so respelt: sneeze is in print by 1493 (OED); Watkins *pneu-, to breathethe case to come
• Englishnoisea din, an uproar — Old French noise, quarrel; Latin nausea, seasickness, by the OED’s account, which owns that the sense is the hard partthe case to come
• Englishnastyfoul, unpleasant — Middle English nasty, of uncertain origin (OED); set on the side tab toothe case to come
• Englishinsaneunsound of mind — Latin īnsānus, in and sānus, healthy, sound (OED, de Vaan); the physician’s wordthe case to come
• Englishanswerthe reply; first, the sworn reply to a charge — Old English andswaru, and-, against, and swerian, to swear; Germanic *swar(j)an-, to swear (Kroonen, OED); Watkins *swer-, to speakthe case to come
• Englishniecea brother’s or sister’s daughter — Old French niece, Latin neptia, for classical neptis, the granddaughter, the feminine of nepōs, the grandson, the nephew; Watkins *nepōt- (OED)the case to come
• Englishnationa people — Latin nātiō, a birth, a breed, from nāscī, older gnāscī, to be born (OED, de Vaan): the root of genesis, and the word stands on the gene tab toothe case to come
• Latinnārēs · naresthe nostrils — nāris, nārēs, from *nas-, the nose, the s turned to r between vowels by the Latin rule (de Vaan): the dictionary’s own nose, and the physician’s word for the nostrils; set on the rice tab too
• Englishnarwhalthe tusked whale of the north — Old Norse náhvalr, by the usual account nár, a corpse, for its pallor, and hvalr, the whale (OED); set on the ball, water and rib tabs toothe case to come
• Arabictannūrthe oven, the furnace — t-n-r (Wehr, Lane); Akkadian tinūru, Hebrew tannūr (Brown, Driver and Briggs): wa-fāra t-tannūr, and the oven boiled over (Qur’an 11:40); set on the ten tab toothe case to come
• Latinpaeninsula · peninsula · penicillinthe almost-island; the English word; the drug from the mould Penicillium, named for the brush-shaped heads that carry its spores — paene īnsula, almost an island; pēnicillus, the little brush (OED, de Vaan); set on the pan and salt tabs toothe case to come
• Latinmanusthe hand — manus (de Vaan); Watkins *man-, the hand; set on the man tab toothe case to come
• Englishmenacethe threat — Latin minācia, from mināx, threatening (OED, de Vaan); set on the man tab toothe case to come
• Englishaskancesidelong, with suspicion — by 1530, of unknown origin (OED); set on the shook and gene tabs toothe case to come
• Greekdeinós · dinosaurterrible; the terrible lizard — deinós and saûros, the lizard, Owen’s coinage of 1841 (Beekes, OED); set on the ten tab toothe case to come
• ArabicTūnis · Tunis · Tunisiathe city; its English spelling; and the country named for it — Tūnis (Yāqūt, Muʿjam al-Buldān); set on the ten tab toothe case to come
• Englishpencilthe writing stick; first, the painter’s fine brush — Latin pēnicillus, the little tail, from pēnis, the tail (OED, de Vaan); set on the pan and salt tabs toothe case to come
• Englishdinnerthe chief meal — Old French disner, from a Latin *disiēiūnāre, to break the fast (OED); set on the ten tab toothe case to come
• Greekmenarchethe first menstruation — mḗn, the month, and arkhḗ, the beginning (OED, Beekes); the physician’s word; set on the man and rock tabs toothe case to come
• Englishinsertto put in, first to join into a row — Latin īnserere, in and serere (OED, de Vaan); set on the soar tab toothe case to come
• Latincancerthe crab; the disease — cancer (OED, de Vaan); set on the gene and soar tabs toothe case to come
• Frenchconciergethe keeper of the door — French concierge, of uncertain origin (OED); set on the gene, soar and your tabs toothe case to come
• Latinbilanx · balancethe two-panned scale; the balance — bi-, two, and lanx, the pan (OED, de Vaan); set on the ball tab too, and bilanx on the kiss tabthe case to come
• Spanishhabanerothe chilli of Havana — Spanish habanero, from La Habana (OED); set on the hub and ban tabs toothe case to come
• Englishutensilthe tool of the house — Latin ūtēnsilis, from ūtī, to use (OED, de Vaan); set on the ten and salt tabs toothe case to come
• Englishsonarthe echo-ranging of the sea — sound navigation and ranging, 1946 (OED); set on the sun tab toothe case to come
• Sanskritsaṃskṛta · Sanskritput together, perfected; the tongue — sam and kṛta (Monier-Williams, OED); set on the sun, shook and care tabs toothe case to come
• Englishseniorthe elder — Latin senior, older, from senex (OED, de Vaan); set on the soar, your and nay tabs toothe case to come
• Englishnoosethe running knot — Old French nous, Latin nōdus, the knot, by the usual account (OED, de Vaan)the case to come
• Englishsnooze · snore · snarethe light sleep; the sleeper’s rasp; the trap of cord — snooze, of unknown origin, 1789; snore, imitative; Old Norse snara (OED, Kroonen); set on the sun tab toothe case to come
• Englishtenacity · tenor · tennis · Tennesseethe holding fast; the course held; the game; the state — Latin tenāx and tenor; Anglo-Norman tenetz; Cherokee Tanasi (OED, de Vaan; Bright); set on the ten tab too, and tenacity on the side tabthe case to come
• Greekteinesmós · tenesmusthe straining that will not pass; the physician’s word — teínein, to strain (OED, Beekes); set on the ten, Sam and muse tabs toothe case to come
• Englishfurnacethe oven — Latin fornāx, from fornus, the oven, akin to formus, warm (OED, de Vaan); set on the far and run tabs toothe case to come
• Latinānus · anusthe ring; the fundament, the physician’s word — ānus, the ring (OED, de Vaan)the case to come
• Englishbusinessthe being busy, the trade — Old English bisignis, of unknown origin (OED); set on the best and sun tabs toothe case to come
• Englishconsole · counsel · consolidationto comfort; the advice; the making solid — Latin cōnsōlārī, cōnsilium, cōnsolidāre (OED, de Vaan); set on the salt and gene tabs too, and consolidation on the daisy, sun and loud tabsthe case to come
• GreekMágnēs · magnesiumof Magnesia, the stone that draws iron; the metal Davy named for the same country, 1808 — Mágnēs líthos, the Magnesian stone (Beekes, OED); set on the magic and gene tabs too, and magnesium on the Sam tab toothe case to come
• Englishguidancethe leading — Old French guider, from a Germanic *wītan (OED, Kroonen); set on the God and ten tabs toothe case to come
• Urduhaṅsī · haṅsnālaughter; to laugh — Sanskrit hasati (Platts, Monier-Williams); set on the host tab too, and haṅsnā on the sun tabthe case to come
• Englishintelligencethe understanding — Latin intellegere, inter and legere (OED, de Vaan); set on the tell, gene, leg and net tabs toothe case to come
• GreekBereníkē · Berenice · Bernicethe bringer of victory, the Macedonian name; the Latin, which English keeps too; the contracted English — phérein and níkē (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges; Beekes); set on the bar and run tabs toothe case to come
• Englishcoloniseto settle a colony — Latin colōnia, from colere, to till, to dwell (OED, de Vaan); set on the call tab toothe case to come
• ArabicManṣūr · al-Manṣūr · Mansur · Mansour · Mansoorthe one given victory, the name; the caliph who built Baghdad; the common spellings — n-ṣ-r, to help, the root of naṣr (Wehr, Lane); set on the man and soar tabs toothe case to come
• Englishinsulinthe hormone of the islets, the physician’s word of 1909 — Latin īnsula, the island, for the islets of Langerhans (OED, de Vaan); set on the salt tab toothe case to come
• Englishshinthe front of the leg below the knee — Old English scinu; Germanic *skinō-, the thin plate (OED, Kroonen); set on the sun tab toothe case to come
• Englishniche · nachothe recess in a wall, the place that fits; the fried corn chip, 1949 — French niche, from nicher, to nest, Latin nīdus, the nest; Spanish Nacho, the pet form of Ignacio, the cook who made them, by the usual account the dictionary records (OED, de Vaan)the case to come
• Urdunīche · neeche · neechaybelow, down, beneath; its common spellings — Prakrit ṇīca, Sanskrit nīca, low (Platts, Turner)the case to come
• Latincōnstellātiō · constellationthe stars set together; the English — com and stella, the star (OED, de Vaan); set on the tell, ten, gene and side tabs too, and cōnstellātiō on the loud tabthe case to come
• Englishconceit · constantthe notion, then the high opinion of oneself; standing firm, unchanging — conceit, made in English on conceive, after deceit, from Latin concipere, to take in, com and capere, to take; Latin cōnstāns, from cōnstāre, to stand together (OED, de Vaan); set on the gene and side tabs too, and constant on the ten and net tabsthe case to come
• Englishnews · Newsom · Newsomethe new things told, first the plural of new; the surname, from Newsham, the new houses; its other spelling — Middle English newes, the plural of new, after Old French noveles (OED); Old English nīwum hūsum, at the new houses (Hanks, Coates and McClure); set on the water tab too, and Newsom and Newsome on the Sam tab toothe case to come
• Englishsanity · sanitarysoundness of mind; of health, of cleanliness — Latin sānitās, from sānus, sound; sānitās again, through French sanitaire (OED, de Vaan); set on the sun and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishdanceto move to the music — Old French dancer, of unknown origin (OED); set on the ten tab toothe case to come
• Englishbannerthe flag — Old French baniere, from a Germanic *bandwō-, the sign (OED, Kroonen); set on the ban tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindi · Punjabināk · nakkthe nose; the same, in Punjabi — Hindi and Urdu nāk, Punjabi nakk (Platts; Punjabi University 1994)the case to come
• Persian · Urdunākhun · nakhunthe nail of the finger and the toe; the common spelling — Persian nākhun (Steingass, Platts); set on the gene tab toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdunek · naikgood, virtuous; its common spelling — Persian nek, nīk (Steingass, Platts)the case to come
• Persian · Urdunokthe point, the tip — Persian nok (Steingass, Platts)the case to come
• Englishneckthe part that joins the head to the body — Old English hnecca; Germanic *hnakkan- (OED, Kroonen)the case to come
• Englishnectarthe drink of the gods; the sweet juice of the flower — Greek néktar, through Latin nectar (OED, Beekes); set on the door tab toothe case to come
• Englishnonot any; the word of refusal — Old English nān, none, from ne, not, and ān, one, cut short in Middle English; and Old English nā, from ne, not, and ā, ever: two words the dictionaries keep apart (OED); Watkins *ne-, notthe case to come
• Englishnextnearest; the one after — Old English nēhst, the superlative of nēah, nigh (OED, Kroonen); set on the side, jazz and kiss tabs toothe case to come
• Englishknock · knackto strike, to rap; the trick, the skill — Old English cnocian, imitative; knack, of uncertain origin, perhaps the same word as knack, a sharp blow, itself imitative (OED); set on the gene tab toothe case to come
• Englishknowto know — Old English cnāwan; Germanic *knēan- (Kroonen, OED); Watkins *gnō-, to know, the root the gene tab descends to; set on the gene tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdu · Persian · TurkishNuṣrat · Nusrat · Nosrat · Nusrethelp, victory; the name, as in Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan; its common spellings, the Persian and the Turkish — n-ṣ-r, to help (Wehr, Lane; Platts); set on the soar tab toothe case to come
• Sanskrit · HindiNārāyaṇa · Narayan · Narayanaa name of Vishnu; the given name, in its common spellings — Sanskrit nārāyaṇa (Monier-Williams); set on the ray tab toothe case to come
• Hindi · SanskritNehā · Nehathe given name: love, tenderness — the show hears in it Hindi neh, love, from Sanskrit sneha (Platts); sneha, oiliness, tenderness, love (Monier-Williams); set on the Noah tab toothe case to come
• English · GreekNicholas · Nicolas · Nikólaos · Nickthe given name, in its English, French and Greek spellings, and its short form — Greek Nikólaos, from níkē, victory, and laós, the people (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); Nicholas, Nicolas and Nikólaos set on the call and lesson tabs toothe case to come
• Sanskrit · HindiNikhil · Nikhilathe given name: whole, entire — Sanskrit nikhila (Monier-Williams); set on the call tab toothe case to come
• Russian · HindiNikitathe given name, a man’s in Russian and a woman’s in India, and of late mainly a girl’s in English — Greek Aníkētos, unconquered, unconquerable (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges)the case to come
• Russian · EnglishNinathe given name, the Russian short form of Antonina and of other names ending in -nina (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges)the case to come
• Englishnotthe word of denial — Middle English not, nought, from Old English nāwiht, no thing (OED); set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Englishknotthe tie; the knot in the wood; the sea mile an hour — Old English cnotta; Germanic *knuttan- (OED, Kroonen); set on the gene and net tabs toothe case to come
• Englishknightthe mounted soldier; first the boy, the servant — Old English cniht; Germanic *knehta- (OED, Kroonen); set on the gene tab toothe case to come
• Englishnonenot one — Old English nān, from ne, not, and ān, one (OED)the case to come
• Englishnopeno — a form of no, originally American (OED); set on the knife tab toothe case to come
• Englishnapethe back of the neck — Middle English nape, of unknown origin (OED); set on the knife tab toothe case to come
• Englishninethe number nine — Old English nigon; Germanic *newun (OED, Kroonen); Watkins *newn̥the case to come
• Englishnorand not — Middle English nor, a contraction of nother, neither (OED)the case to come
• Englishnodto bow the head a little, in greeting, in assent or in sleep — Middle English nodden, of uncertain origin (OED); set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Englishknuckle · knuckthe joint of the finger; the same, in slang — Middle English knokel; Middle Low German knökel, the little bone (OED); knuck from knuckle and knuckler, the pickpocket (OED); set on the gene and call tabs toothe case to come
• Englishtabernaclethe tent, the shrine — Latin tabernāculum, the little taberna, the hut (OED, de Vaan); de Vaan reads taberna as *traberna, from trabs, the beam: a shed of timber; set on the tab, bar, run and call tabs toothe case to come
• Englishnickthe small notch, the cut; in the nick of time — of uncertain origin (OED)the case to come
• SanskritNepāla · Nepalthe country; its English name — Nepāla, in the Purāṇas (Monier-Williams), its own origin unsettled; set on the fall and knife tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdunaql · naqalthe copy, the imitation; first the carrying over; its common spelling — n-q-l, to carry, to move (Wehr, Lane); Urdu naql, said naqal (Platts); set on the call tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindinahīṉ · nahinno; not; its common spelling — Hindi and Urdu nahīṅ (Platts); set on the Noah tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindinaṅgā · nanganaked, bare; its common spelling — Hindi naṅgā, Sanskrit nagna (Platts, Monier-Williams)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindinayā · nayanew; its common spelling — Hindi nayā, Sanskrit nava (Platts, Monier-Williams); Watkins *newo-, the root of new; set on the nay tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindinahānā · nahana · nahlānā · nehlanato bathe, to take a bath; its common spelling; to bathe another; its common spelling — Hindi nahānā, Sanskrit snāna (Platts, Monier-Williams); set on the Noah tab too, and nahlānā on the hello tabthe case to come
• Persian · Urdunarmsoft, gentle — Persian narm (Steingass, Platts); set on the arm tab toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdunazrāna · nazranathe gift, the offering made to a superior; its common spelling — Persian naẕrāna, from Arabic nadhr, the vow (Steingass, Platts); set on the soar and run tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindinīnd · neendsleep; its common spelling — Hindi nīnd, Sanskrit nidrā (Platts, Monier-Williams); set on the net tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindinīlā · neelablue; its common spelling — Hindi nīlā, Sanskrit nīla, dark blue (Platts, Monier-Williams); set on the nail tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindinikalnā · nikalna · nikalto come out, to go out, to leave; its common spelling; the command, get out, be off from here — Hindi nikalnā (Platts); set on the call tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindinaunine — Hindi nau, Sanskrit navan, nava- in compounds (Platts, Monier-Williams); Watkins *newn̥, the root of ninethe case to come
• Persian · Urdunaukrī · naukrithe job, the service, employment; its common spelling — Persian naukar, the servant, with -ī (Steingass, Platts); set on the care tab toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdunaujawān · naujawanthe young man, the youth; its common spelling — Persian nau, new, and jawān, young (Steingass, Platts); set on the cow tab toothe case to come
• Latin · Englishgeniusthe guardian spirit; the gift, the one who has it — Latin genius, the spirit of the begetting, from gignere, to beget (OED, de Vaan): the dictionary’s own gene; set on the gene and nay tabs toothe case to come
• Englishingeniousclever at contriving — Latin ingeniōsus, from ingenium, the inborn talent (OED, de Vaan): the dictionary’s own gene; set on the gene and nay tabs toothe case to come
• Englishjeansthe trousers of twilled cotton — jean, from Middle French Jannes, Genoa (OED); set on the gene tab toothe case to come
• EnglishAlgonquin · Algonquianthe people of the Ottawa valley, and the family of languages named for them — French Algonquin, perhaps Maliseet elakómkwik, they are our kin, by the usual account the dictionary records (OED; Bright); set on the gene, leg and cow tabs toothe case to come
• English · Italiancadence · cadenzathe fall of the voice, the close of the phrase; the flourish before the close — cadence through French from Italian cadenza, from Latin cadere, to fall (OED, de Vaan); set on the God and ten tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicin shāʾa llāh · inshallah · insha’Allahif God wills; its common spellings — in, if, and shāʾa, He willed, from sh-y-ʾ, to will, with Allāh (Wehr, Lane): udkhulū miṣra in shāʾa llāhu āminīn, enter Egypt, if God wills, in safety (Qur’an 12:99); set on the salt and Allah tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicnāṣiyathe forelock, the front of the head — n-ṣ-w (Wehr, Lane): la-in lam yantahi la-nasfaʿan bi-n-nāṣiya, nāṣiyatin kādhibatin khāṭiʾa, if he does not stop, We will surely drag him by the forelock, a lying, sinning forelock (Qur’an 96:15–16); not nasiya, to forget, with the plain sthe case to come
• Persian · UrduNiyāz · Niaz · Niyazneed, longing, supplication; the offering, the thing dedicated; and the name, in its common spellings — Persian niyāz (Steingass, Platts); Niaz and Niyaz as the name of the Urdu writer Niaz Fatehpuri is printed; set on the nay tab toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdunāz · nazcoquetry, the graceful airs of the beloved; pride, glorying; its common spelling — Persian nāz (Steingass, Platts)the case to come
• Arabicnaṣrānī · an-Naṣārā · Nasrania Christian; the Christians; the common spelling — n-ṣ-r (Wehr); Lane relates the word to an-Nāṣira, Nazareth: inna lladhīna āmanū wa-lladhīna hādū wa-n-naṣārā wa-ṣ-ṣābiʾīna, those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabians (Qur’an 2:62); set on the soar tab too, and naṣrānī and Nasrani on the run tabthe case to come
• Arabicnasr · Nasrthe vulture, the eagle; the idol of Noah’s people — n-s-r (Wehr, Lane), not naṣr, help, with the ṣ: wa-lā yaghūtha wa-yaʿūqa wa-nasrā, nor Yaghūth and Yaʿūq and Nasr (Qur’an 71:23); set on the soar tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdunasīm · Naseem · Nasimthe breeze, the breath of air; the name, in its common spellings — n-s-m (Wehr, Lane; Platts), the root of nasama, the breath, the living soul (Wehr, Lane); set on the Sam tab toothe case to come
• Arabicnashr · an-nushūrthe spreading out, the publishing; the raising of the dead — n-sh-r, to spread, to raise (Wehr, Lane): fa-aḥyaynā bihi l-arḍa baʿda mawtihā, kadhālika n-nushūr, and by it We gave life to the earth after its death; so shall the raising be (Qur’an 35:9); set on the soar tab toothe case to come
• Arabicnashīd · nasheedthe chant, the hymn, the anthem; its common spelling — n-sh-d, to seek, to recite (Wehr, Lane); set on the side tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdunāsūr · nasoorthe fistula, the running sore that will not close; its common spelling — Arabic nāsūr (Wehr; Platts); the physician’s word; set on the soar tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdunuskhathe copy, the transcript; in Urdu, the physician’s prescription too — n-s-kh, to copy (Wehr, Lane; Platts); the physician’s word; set on the shook tab toothe case to come
• Hebrew · ArabicNīsān · Nisanthe first month of the Hebrew year, the month of spring, and April in the Arabic of the Levant and Iraq; its English spelling — Hebrew nīsān (Esther 3:7, Nehemiah 2:1; Brown, Driver and Briggs), from Akkadian nisannu (Chicago Assyrian Dictionary); Arabic nīsān (Wehr); set on the sun tab toothe case to come
• Arabicnasablineage, descent, kinship by blood — n-s-b (Wehr, Lane): wa-huwa lladhī khalaqa mina l-māʾi basharan fa-jaʿalahu nasaban wa-ṣihran, and it is He who created a human being from water and made for him kin by blood and by marriage (Qur’an 25:54); set on the sieve tab toothe case to come
• Englishnurturethe bringing up, the feeding and rearing — Old French norriture, from Late Latin nūtrītūra, from nūtrīre, to feed (OED, de Vaan); set on the soar and care tabs toothe case to come
• Englishchallengethe call to a contest, first the accusation — Old French chalenge, calenge, from Latin calumnia, false accusation (OED, de Vaan); set on the call tab toothe case to come
• LatinIūstīnusthe Roman name, of Iūstus, the just — Latin Iūstīnus, from iūstus, just (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges; de Vaan); set on the jazz, side and ten tabs toothe case to come
• Englishingotthe bar of cast metal, of gold or silver; first, the mould it was cast in — of uncertain origin, perhaps in and Old English goten, poured, from gēotan, to pour (OED); set on the God tab toothe case to come
• Englishnickelthe hard silver-white metal; in America, the five-cent coin — Swedish nickel, cut in 1754 by the mineralogist Cronstedt from German Kupfernickel, the copper-goblin, Nickel being the goblin, a pet form of Nikolaus (OED); set on the call tab toothe case to come
• Englishtankthe cistern, the reservoir; the armoured war machine, named tank in 1915 to keep it secret — a word of the Indian languages met by Portuguese tanque, the pool (OED); set on the ten tab toothe case to come
• Englishtincturethe medicine dissolved in alcohol, the physician’s word; first, the dye, the colour — Latin tinctūra, the dyeing, from tingere, to dye, the root of tint and taint (OED, de Vaan); set on the ten, God and door tabs toothe case to come
• Spanishlagunasthe lagoons, the ponds — Spanish laguna, from Latin lacūna, the pit, the pool, the gap (Corominas, de Vaan); set on the leg and gene tabs toothe case to come
• Englishriddancethe clearing away — rid, from Old Norse ryðja, to clear land (OED); set on the earth and ten tabs toothe case to come
• Englishnaturewhat one is born with — Latin nātūra, from nātus, born, of nāscī, older gnāscī, to be born (de Vaan): the g fallen away before the n; set on the gene, care and soar tabs toothe case to come
• Englishminkthe animal and its fur — Swedish mänk (OED); set on the man tab toothe case to come
• Englishconnectto bind together — Latin connectere, con and nectere, to tie (OED); Watkins *ned-, to bind; set on the gene and God tabs toothe case to come
• Englishphilharmonicloving music, and the orchestra or society so named — phil-, loving, and harmonic, after Italian filarmonico (OED); set on the fall, man, Allah, hair and arm tabs toothe case to come
• Englishmechanic · mechanical · mechanismthe worker skilled with machines; of machines, working as a machine does; the working parts, the way a thing works — French mécanique and Latin mēchanicus, from Greek mēkhanikós, of machines, from mēkhanḗ, the contrivance; mechanical from mechanic; modern Latin mechanismus, from the same mēkhanḗ (OED, Beekes); Watkins *magh-, to be able; set on the magic and gene tabs too, mechanical on the call tab, and mechanism on the Sam tabthe case to come
• Englishmaniac · manicmad, and the madman; of mania — maniac from French maniaque and Latin maniacus; manic from Greek manikós; both from Greek maníā, the madness (OED, Beekes); Watkins *men-, to think, as for mind and mental; set on the man tab too, and maniac on the nay tabthe case to come
• Englishnorthern · Nordicof the north; of the lands and peoples of the north of Europe — northern, Old English norþerne, on the Germanic base of north (OED); Watkins sets northern and Nordic under *ner-, the root of north; set on the earth tab too, northern on the door and run tabs, and Nordic on the duck tabthe case to come
• EnglishNorway · Norwegianthe kingdom of western Scandinavia; of Norway, its people, its tongue — Old Norse Norvegr, the north way, and Norwegian from it (OED); Watkins sets Norwegian under *ner-, the root of north; set on the rib and water tabs too, and Norwegian on the box and gene tabs, and Norway on the bay tabthe case to come
• EnglishNormanof Normandy, and its people — Old French Normant, from Old Norse Norðmaðr, the man of the north (OED); Watkins sets Norman under *ner-, the root of north; set on the man and arm tabs toothe case to come
• Sanskrit · HindiNīraj · Niraj · Neerajthe given name: the lotus, born of the water; its common spelling; its other common spelling — Sanskrit nīraja, water-born, a water lily, lotus, from nīra, water, and ja, born of (Monier-Williams), who keeps apart another nīraja, free from dust, free from passion; set on the rock tab toothe case to come
• Greeknystázeinto nod, to be sleepy, the verb behind nystagmus — Greek nystázein (Beekes): enýstaxan pâsai kaì ekátheudon, they all slumbered and slept (Matthew 25:5); set on the side, daisy and sun tabs toothe case to come
• EnglishJonesthe surname, English and Welsh: the son of John — from the Middle English personal name Jon(e), John, with the -s of the genitive or an -s added later (Hanks, Dictionary of American Family Names); the name of Sir William Jones, whose discourse at Calcutta in 1786 set Sanskrit, Greek and Latin side by side (Jones 1786); set on the gene tab toothe case to come
• Englishannex · annexeto join on, to attach, to take in, as a state takes in land, and the building joined on to a larger one; the same noun in the British spelling — Old French annexer, from Latin annexus, bound to, the past participle of annectere, from ad-, to, and nectere, to bind; the noun from French annexe (OED); Watkins *ned-, to bind; set on the jazz and kiss tabs toothe case to come
• Englishanacondathe great water boa of South America; first, in 1768, the name of a great snake of Ceylon — a word of uncertain origin, perhaps from Sinhalese henakandaya, the whip snake, from hena, lightning, and kanda, stem (OED; Yule and Burnell); set on the gene and net tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicnajjār · Najjar · Najar · nijārathe carpenter, the joiner; the family name, Arabic and Sephardic, whose Arabic bearers are Muslims and Christians; its other spelling; carpentry, joinery — n-j-r: najara, to hew, to carve, to plane wood; najjār, a carpenter; nijāra, the art of carpentry (Wehr, Lane); the family name, an occupational name from Arabic najjār, carpenter, with Najar its variant (Hanks, Dictionary of American Family Names, 2nd ed.); set on the care tab toothe case to come
• Englishnexusthe bond, the connection; the connected group; the centre where things meet — Latin nexus, a binding together, from nectere, to bind (OED); Watkins *ned-, to bind; set on the jazz and kiss tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · Persian · Englishanjar · langar · anchorthe anchor of a ship, made of pieces of wood bound together at their middles, with molten lead poured between them; the anchor, and the house of the dervishes, the alms-house; the anchor — Arabic anjar, a Persian word arabicized, from langar, or, Lane adds, from Greek ánkura (Lane); Persian langar (Steingass); English anchor, Old English ancor, from Latin ancora, from Greek ánkura (OED); set on the care tab toothe case to come
• English · Urdu · Hindijungle · jaṅgal · jangalthe land overgrown with trees and tangled growth; the wood, the forest, the waste land; its common spelling — from Hindi and Urdu jaṅgal (OED, Platts; Persian jangal, Steingass), from Sanskrit jāṅgala, jaṅgala, arid, sparingly grown with trees, the desert region (Monier-Williams, Turner); set on the gene and call tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindi · Englishjangalī · jaṅglī · jungli · jungleewild, untilled, of the jungle; the same, in Hindi; wild, uncultured, in Indian English; its common spelling — Persian and Urdu jangalī, from jangal, the jungle (Steingass); Hindi jã̄glī, wild, rural (Turner); jungli, from jungle (OED); set on the gene and call tabs toothe case to come
• Englishjunioryounger; the younger of two who bear one name, the son named for his father — Latin iūnior, younger, the comparative of iuvenis, young (OED, de Vaan); set on the gene, your and nay tabs toothe case to come
• Englishjinglethe light ringing of small metal things; the short catchy verse or tune — Middle English gingelen, gynglen, imitative of the sound (OED); set on the gene and call tabs toothe case to come
• Englishjunk · junkrubbish, things thrown away, first old rope and cable; the sailing ship of the China seas — of unknown origin; and Portuguese junco, from Malay jong (OED): two words the dictionaries keep apart; set on the gene tab toothe case to come
• Englishjangleto ring harshly, the harsh ringing; first to chatter, to wrangle — Old French jangler, to chatter, to gossip (OED); set on the gene and call tabs toothe case to come
• Latin · EnglishIānus · Janusthe Roman god of doors and of beginnings, with two faces; the same in English — Latin Iānus, beside iānua, the door (OED, de Vaan); set on the gene tab toothe case to come
• Englishincarnate · incarnationmade flesh, embodied; the taking on of flesh, the embodiment — ecclesiastical Latin incarnātus, made flesh, and incarnātiō, from incarnāre, to make flesh, from in, in, and caro, carnis, the flesh (OED, de Vaan); set on the care and run tabs too, and incarnation on the sun and ten tabs, and incarnate on the net tabthe case to come
• Englishcornerthe place where two sides or edges meet; the angle — Anglo-Norman corner, cornere, from Old French corne, the horn, the angle, from Latin cornū, the horn (OED; de Vaan for cornū); set on the care and run tabs toothe case to come
• Englishcoronerthe officer who holds the inquest into a sudden, violent or unexplained death; first the officer who kept the pleas of the crown — Anglo-Norman coruner, corouner, from corune, coroune, the crown, Latin corōna, the garland, the crown, from Greek korṓnē, the crow, and anything curved or hooked (OED; Beekes for korṓnē); set on the care and run tabs toothe case to come
• English · GreekUranus · Ouranósthe seventh planet, found in 1781 and named for the god of the sky; the sky, the heavens, and the god who is the sky — Latin Ūranus, from Greek ouranós (OED, Beekes); set on the your and run tabs toothe case to come
• GreekStéphanosthe crown, the garland, and the name of the first martyr (Acts 6–7) — Greek stéphanos (Beekes; Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); set on the side, taffy and pan tabs toothe case to come
• Englishtechniquethe manner of doing it — from Greek tékhnē, the craft, the art (Beekes, OED); set on the gene and duck tabs toothe case to come
• Englishthink · thankto hold in the mind; to give thanks — Old English þencan, to think, and þancian, to thank, from þanc, thought, favour; Germanic *þankjan-, *þankaz (Kroonen); Watkins *tong-, to think, to feel; set on the ten tab toothe case to come
• Englishtinkerthe mender of pots — Middle English tinkere, of uncertain origin, perhaps from the tink of the hammer (OED); set on the ten and care tabs toothe case to come
• Englishtonsilthe two glands at the throat’s gate — Latin tōnsillae, of no sure origin (OED, de Vaan); the physician’s word, set on the ten and salt tabs toothe case to come
• English · Arabicmanganese · manganīsthe grey metal, and first the black ore it is drawn from; the same, in Arabic — French manganèse, from Italian manganese, an altered form of medieval Latin magnesia, the Magnesian stone, which also names magnesium (OED; Wehr); set on the man and gene tabs toothe case to come
• Englishinsectthe animal cut into segments — Latin īnsectum, from īnsecāre, to cut into (OED, de Vaan); Watkins *sek-, to cut; set on the shook and God tabs toothe case to come
• Miami-Illinois · EnglishKankakeethe river of Indiana and Illinois, and the city and county of Illinois on it — from Miami-Illinois teeyaahkiki, the open country, the land laid open to view, which La Salle wrote Téakiki in the early 1680s (McCafferty 2008; Bright 2004); set on the gene and cage tabs toothe case to come
• French · Englishgenrethe kind, the sort; the kind of a work of art, the style — French genre, kind, from Latin genus, generis, the race, the kind (OED, de Vaan); set on the gene tab toothe case to come
• Englishgenerateto bring into being, to beget, to produce — Latin generāre, to beget, from genus, generis (OED, de Vaan); set on the gene and earth tabs toothe case to come
• Englishgeneral · genericof the whole kind, not particular; and the commander of an army; of the kind, belonging to a whole class — Latin generālis, from genus, generis; generic through French générique, on the same genus (OED, de Vaan); set on the gene tab too, general on the real tab, and generic on the rock tabthe case to come
• Englishgenerousgiving freely, open-handed; first, of noble birth — Latin generōsus, of good stock, from genus, generis (OED, de Vaan); set on the gene and rice tabs toothe case to come
• Englishcongenitalpresent from birth, the physician’s word — Latin congenitus, born with, con and genitus, born, from gignere (OED, de Vaan); set on the gene, net and tell tabs toothe case to come
• Englishindigenousborn in the land, native to it — Latin indigena, the native, from indu, within, and gignere, to beget (OED, de Vaan); set on the gene, net and duck tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicinshirāḥthe expansion of the breast, the gladness — sh-r-ḥ, sharaḥa, to open, to expand (Wehr, Lane); set on the rūḥ and soar tabs toothe case to come
• Englishpioneerthe one who goes first and clears the way — French pionnier, from Old French peon, the foot soldier (OED); set on the pay tab toothe case to come
• Akannyansawisdom, knowledge — Twi nyansa (Christaller); set on the nay tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Persianpanīr · paneercheese, the fresh curd cheese; its common spelling — Persian panīr (Platts, Steingass); set on the pan tab toothe case to come
• Latingubernāreto steer, to pilot, to govern — Latin gubernāre, from Greek kybernáō (OED, Beekes); set on the cow, bar and run tabs toothe case to come
• LatinNeptūnusthe god of the sea — Neptūnus, of uncertain origin (de Vaan); set on the knife, father and ten tabs toothe case to come
• Latinīnfānsnot yet speaking, the baby — in-, not, and fārī, to speak (de Vaan); set on the knife and pan tabs toothe case to come
• Englishmanuredung spread on the land to feed it; and first the verb, to till the land — Anglo-Norman mainoverer, maynoverer, to work with the hands, of main, the hand, and ovrer, to work (OED); set on the your, man and nay tabs toothe case to come
• Englishmanicurethe care of the hands and nails — French manicure, from Latin manus, the hand, and cūra, care (OED); set on the your, man and key tabs toothe case to come
• Englishnervousanxious, easily agitated; of the nerves; first, sinewy, strong — Latin nervōsus, sinewy, from nervus, the sinew, the nerve (OED, de Vaan); set on the rib and best tabs toothe case to come
• English · Greeknausea · nausíāthe sickness of the stomach that would vomit; the seasickness, the Greek word — Latin nausea, from Greek nausíā, from naûs, the ship (OED, Beekes)the case to come
• Englishnerdthe dull or awkward one, the one lost in a narrow pursuit, as of computers — American slang of uncertain origin, perhaps from the Nerd, a creature in Dr. Seuss’s If I Ran the Zoo, 1950 (OED); set on the earth tab toothe case to come
• Urdunahārī · nihārī · niharithe breakfast, and the curry of that name, prepared and sold in the morning; as it is said; its common spelling — Persian and Urdu nahārī, from nahār, fasting, the stomach not yet fed (Platts); set on the Noah and hair tabs toothe case to come
• French · EnglishNicole · Nicholethe given name, the French feminine of Nicolas, now common in English; its other spelling — French Nicole, from Nicolas, Greek Nikólaos, from níkē, victory, and laós, the people (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); set on the call tab toothe case to come
• Englishenjoyto take delight in — Old French enjoir, from joie, joy, Latin gaudium (OED); set on the key tab toothe case to come
• EnglishBenjaminthe youngest son of Jacob and Rachel — Hebrew Binyāmîn, the son of the right hand (Brown, Driver and Briggs); set on the yam, ban, man and gem tabs toothe case to come
• Englishmayonnaisethe cold sauce of egg yolk and oil — French mayonnaise, perhaps from Mahón, Port Mahon in Minorca (OED); set on the may tab toothe case to come
• Persian · EnglishKoh-i-Nūr · Kohinoorthe Mountain of Light, the diamond of the Mughals and now of the British crown; its English spelling — Persian kōh, the mountain, and nūr, the light, from Arabic (Steingass; OED); set on the koh tab toothe case to come
• Persian · UrduJahāngīrthe World-Seizer, the Mughal emperor, father of Shāh Jahān — Persian jahān, the world, and gīr, seizing (Steingass; Britannica); set on the koh and care tabs toothe case to come
• Englishenhanceto raise, to heighten — Anglo-Norman enhauncer, Old French enhaucier, from a Latin form of altus, high (OED); set on the Noah tab toothe case to come

Wehr 1994, Lane 1863–93, BDB 1906, CAD, Watkins 2011, Kroonen 2013, de Vaan 2008, OED, Steingass 1892, Platts 1884, Pedersen 1903, Corominas & Pascual 1980–91, Beekes 2010, Yāqūt, Muʿjam al-Buldān, Monier-Williams 1899, Bright 2004, Hanks, Hardcastle & Hodges 2006, Turner 1962–66, Hanks et al. 2016, Punjabi University 1994, Encyclopaedia Judaica 2007, Hanks 2003, Hanks & Lenarčič 2022, Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ, Yule & Burnell 1903, Jones 1786, al-Tirmidhī, Jāmiʿ 3507, McCafferty 2008, Christaller 1881, Britannica

Kin the textbooks keep apart

Say father with an F and pater with a P: one word, by Grimm’s rule. Now open the mouth the same way in Arabic — fataḥa, he opened; miftāḥ, the key; al-Fattāḥ, the Opener, one of the ninety-nine names of God. This show hears the father as the one who opens: the door, the day, the way. Peter, petra, the rock, was handed the keys, and the Church still calls his successor papa, the Pope — father. English has the opening in its own P-T words, and Watkins files all three under one root, to spread: patent, what lies open; petal, the leaf spread out; fathom, the arms spread wide. And this show hears the same opening in five everyday words the dictionaries file elsewhere: fat, what the opened mouth fills; fed, the mouth filled; fit, the piece that goes in; fate and faith, the mouth of a god opened and the breath let through.

• Arabical-Fattāḥthe Opener, who opens the gates of provision and mercy to His servants and judges between them with the truth, one of the ninety-nine names of God — f-t-ḥ, fataḥa, to open; fattāḥ, the opener, and the judge who decides between two (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): thumma yaftaḥu baynanā bi-l-ḥaqqi wa-huwa l-fattāḥu l-ʿalīm, then He will open between us with the truth, and He is the Opener, the All-Knowing (Qur’an 34:26), the one verse that says the name; Episode II is named for it; set on the ḍuḥā tab too
• Arabical-Khāfiḍthe Abaser, who brings low the proud and whatever He wills to bring low, one of the ninety-nine names of God — kh-f-ḍ, khafaḍa, to lower, the opposite of rafaʿa, to raise, whence ar-Rāfiʿ, the Exalter, the name said beside it (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507); the Qur’an does not use the name, but says of the Event, the Resurrection, khāfiḍatun rāfiʿa, bringing low, raising up (Qur’an 56:3); set on the coffee tab toothe case to come
• Arabical-Fātiḥa · Fatiha · Fatihahthe Opening: the first chapter, said in every prayer; its common spellings; set on the ḍuḥā tab too
• ArabicFāṭima · Fatima · Fatimah · Fatmashe who weans; the common spellings; the Turkish — faṭama, to wean, to part; the tradition reads the name as the child weaned, set on her own feet
• Arabicmiftāḥthe key: what the Opener gives; set on the ḍuḥā tab too
• Arabic · TurkishFātiḥ · Fatihthe Opener: Mehmed II, whom English calls the Conqueror; the Turkish spelling, as in Fatih Sultan Mehmet; set on the ḍuḥā tab too
• Arabicfitnathe trial, the temptation, the strife — f-t-n: to put gold in the fire to test it (Lane); the seam a trial opens in a soul
• Arabicfatwāthe legal opinion — f-t-y, the root of fatā, a youth (Wehr, Lane); the show hears the youth opening out into his life, and the ruling that opens a closed question
• Hebrewpātaḥto open — and, in Aramaic, Ephphatha, be opened (Mark 7:34); set on the ḍuḥā tab too
• GreekPétros · Peter · pétrathe rock who was given the keys; the English name; the rock — Greek Pétros, beside pétra (Beekes): Matthew 16:18–19; set on the door tab too, and Pétros on the rice tab
• Latinpapafather — the Pope, who sits in Peter’s chair
• Latinpatēreto lie open: patent
• Urdu · Persianpidarfather
• Urdufatḥ · Fatehvictory, which in this root is the opening; the common spelling, as in the name Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan — fatḥ (Platts); set on the ḍuḥā tab too
• Akanfiti · fatato pierce, to begin; to be fitting
• Englishfathomthe arms opened wide; the same root as petal
• Englishfat · fed · fitfattened, nourished, suited — the opened mouth, and what fills it
• Englishfate · faithwhat has been spoken, Latin fātum; trust, Latin fidēs — the mouth of a god opened; the breath let through
• Englishfeatherthe wing opened — Old English feþer; by Grimm beside Latin penna, the pen; set on the door tab too
• Englishpatthe light blow, and the sound of it — imitative, by 1400 (OED)the case to come
• Englishpetthe animal kept for company; the darling — Scottish and northern, sixteenth century, of unknown origin (OED)the case to come
• Italianpatinathe film on old bronze — Italian patina, Latin patina, the dish, Greek patánē (OED, de Vaan); Watkins *petə-, to spread: the same root as patent, petal and fathom, and the F-T register sets it beside patella; set on the ten tab too
• Englishpetrifyto turn to stone — French pétrifier, Latin petra, the rock, Greek pétra (OED); set on the door, pay and roof tabs toothe case to come
• Englishfatalitya death by accident or disaster; the quality of being fated — Latin fātālis, from fātum, what has been spoken (OED, de Vaan): fate’s own word; set on the loud tab toothe case to come
• Englishfatigueweariness — French fatigue, Latin fatīgāre, to tire out, which de Vaan sets beside fatīscī, to crack open, as one Latin family; where that family came from, he leaves open; set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Englishfada passing craze — origin unknown (OED)the case to come
• Englishfadeto lose colour, to wane — Old French fade, insipid; the OED follows it back to a Latin *fatidus, thought to be fatuus and vapidus blendedthe case to come
• Englishfatuityfoolishness — Latin fatuus, foolish, insipid; de Vaan ventures, and only ventures, fārī, to speak, through Fatuus, an oracular name of Faunus, come down to mean silly; set on the dot tab toothe case to come
• ArabicʿĪd al-Fiṭr · Eid al-Fitrthe feast of the fast-breaking; the common spelling — fiṭr, the breaking of the fast, f-ṭ-r (Wehr, Lane); set on the ten and door tabs toothe case to come
• Englishlift · loftto raise; the upper room, and the air — Old Norse lypta and lopt, the air, the sky, the upper floor; Germanic *luftu- (OED, Kroonen); set on the love tab toothe case to come
• Englishchieftainthe head of a clan — Old French chevetaine, Latin capitāneus, from caput, the head (OED, de Vaan); set on the ten and safe tabs toothe case to come
• Englishdespot · despitethe master; in scorn of — Greek despótēs, the master of the house; Latin dēspectus (OED, Beekes, de Vaan); set on the daisy and safe tabs toothe case to come
• Englishpitthe hole in the ground — Old English pytt, from Latin puteus, the well (OED, de Vaan): Episode II names it, and the F-T register carries itthe case to come
• Englishpituitaryof the phlegm: the gland at the base of the brain, once thought to drain it — Latin pītuīta, the phlegm; the anatomists’ glandula pituitaria (OED, de Vaan): the physician’s word, which Episode II reads beside fat, under Watkins’s root of swelling; the F-T register carries it; set on the dot and door tabs toothe case to come
• TeluguGuḍipāṭi · Gudipatia Telugu family name; its common spelling — the show hears in it Telugu guḍi, the temple (Brown 1903); set on the God and taffy tabs too: Episode II names it, and the F-T register carries itthe case to come
• Englishaptitudethe fitness — late Latin aptitūdō, from aptus, fitted (OED, de Vaan); set on the dot tab toothe case to come
• Englishdaffodilthe yellow narcissus of spring — earlier affodill, from medieval Latin affodillus, a form of Latin asphodelus, Greek asphódelos, the asphodel; the d at its head of uncertain origin (OED); set on the tell and taffy tabs toothe case to come
• Greek · Englishasphódelos · asphodelthe asphodel, the flower the poets set in the Elysian meadows; the English — Greek asphódelos, of unknown origin (Beekes, OED); set on the tell and safe tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urduifṭār · iftarthe breaking of the fast at sunset; its common spelling — f-ṭ-r, faṭara, to split; afṭara, to break the fast; fiṭr, the breaking of the fast, as in ʿĪd al-Fiṭr (Wehr, Lane; Platts); set on the taffy and door tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · Swahilitafaḍḍal · tafaḍḍalī · tafadhaliplease, be so kind, said to a man; the same, to a woman; please, in Swahili, from the Arabic — f-ḍ-l, faḍl, the favour, the bounty (Wehr, Lane; Johnson); set on the taffy and tell tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · Persian · Urdu · Greekdaftar · diphthérāthe register, the book of accounts, and in Persian and Urdu the office; the Greek it comes from, the prepared hide, the parchment — Arabic and Persian daftar, from Greek diphthérā (Wehr; Steingass, Platts; OED, Beekes); set on the taffy and door tabs toothe case to come
• Greek · Englishepitaphthe words written on the tomb — Greek epitáphios, over the tomb, from táphos (Beekes, OED); set on the taffy tab toothe case to come
• Englishtyphoidthe fever like typhus, of the gut — Greek tûphos, smoke, the stupor of fever, and -oid, like (OED, Beekes); set on the taffy tab toothe case to come
• Englishdepththe distance down — Middle English, from deep, Old English dēop (OED, Kroonen); set on the taffy tab toothe case to come
• Englishtepidlukewarm — Latin tepidus, from tepēre, to be warm (OED, de Vaan); set on the taffy tab toothe case to come
• Englishdaft · deftfoolish, first mild and meek; nimble, skilful — Old English gedæfte, gentle; deft, a later form of the same word (OED): one word to the dictionaries, with two meanings; set on the taffy tab toothe case to come
• English · Persiantaffeta · tāftathe crisp woven silk; the Persian it comes from, twisted, spun — Persian tāftan, to twist, to spin (OED; Steingass); set on the taffy tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindidupaṭṭā · dupattathe long scarf worn over the head and shoulders; its common spelling — do, two, and paṭ, the breadth of cloth (Platts); set on the taffy tab toothe case to come
• ArabicFāṭir · fiṭrathe Originator, and the thirty-fifth sūra; the nature one is made with — f-ṭ-r, faṭara, to split, to bring into being, the root of fiṭr (Wehr, Lane): fāṭiri s-samāwāti wa-l-arḍ, Originator of the heavens and the earth (Qur’an 35:1); fiṭrata llāh, the nature God made (Qur’an 30:30); set on the door tab toothe case to come
• Englishorthopaedicfirst the straightening of children, now the surgery of the bones and joints — Greek orthós, straight, and paîs, the child (OED, Beekes); set on the earth, duck and taffy tabs toothe case to come
• Englishphotothe photograph — short for photograph, from Greek phôs, phōtós, the light, and gráphein, to write (OED)the case to come
• Englishfeedto give food to — Old English fēdan, from fōda, food (OED)the case to come
• Englishfeetthe plural of foot — Old English fēt, the plural of fōt (OED)the case to come
• Persian · Urduhaft · haftā · haftaseven; the week; its common spelling — Persian haft, seven, hafta, the week (Steingass, Platts); set on the hoof tab toothe case to come
• Englishhippopotamusthe river horse — Greek hippopótamos, from híppos, the horse, and potamós, the river (OED, Beekes); set on the hoof, atom and muse tabs toothe case to come
• ArabicʿArafāt · Arafatthe plain east of Mecca where the pilgrims stand; its common spelling — ʿArafāt (Yāqūt, Muʿjam al-Buldān; Wehr): fa-idhā afaḍtum min ʿarafātin fa-dhkurū llāha ʿinda l-mashʿari l-ḥarām, and when you pour down from ʿArafāt, remember God at the Sacred Monument (Qur’an 2:198); set on the roof tab toothe case to come
• Persian · Urduraftan · raftār · rafta raftato go; the gait, the pace; little by little — Persian raftan, to go, raftār (Steingass); Urdu raftār, rafta rafta (Platts); set on the roof tab too, raftan on the ten tab, and raftār on the door tabthe case to come
• Englishriftthe split, the cleft — of Scandinavian origin, as Danish rift (OED); set on the roof tab toothe case to come
• English · Spanishrapid · rápidoswift; the Spanish — Latin rapidus, from rapere, to seize (OED, de Vaan; Corominas); set on the roof tab toothe case to come
• English · LatinNeptune · Neptūnusthe god of the sea, and the eighth planet; the Latin — Neptūnus, of uncertain origin (OED, de Vaan); set on the knife and ten tabs too, and Neptūnus on the nose tabthe case to come
• Englishpedicurethe care of the feet — French pédicure, from Latin pēs, pedis, the foot, and cūra, care (OED); set on the your, key and duck tabs toothe case to come
• Persianpādshāhthe emperor, the great king — Persian pād-shāh, made with shāh, the king (Steingass); set on the daisy and shah tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · Persiankoftathe ball of pounded meat — Persian kofta, pounded, of koftan, to beat, to pound (Platts, Steingass); set on the coffee tab toothe case to come
• Latin · Englishcaput · capital · captainthe head; the chief, the head city, the stock; the head man — Latin caput, capitis; capital and captain from Latin capitālis and late Latin capitāneus, of caput (OED, de Vaan); set on the coffee tab too, capital on the tell tab, and captain on the ten tabthe case to come

Watkins 2011, de Vaan 2008, Beekes 2010, Wehr 1994, Lane 1863–93, BDB 1906, Steingass 1892, Platts 1884, Christaller 1881, OED, Kroonen 2013, Brown 1903, Johnson 1939, al-Tirmidhī, Jāmiʿ 3507, Yāqūt, Muʿjam al-Buldān, Corominas & Pascual 1980–91

Kin the textbooks keep apart

Say head: a breath from the throat, then the tongue stopped at the teeth. H-D. This show hears the same two sounds in Arabic ḥadīd, iron, the hardest thing; in ḥadd, the edge and the limit; in ḥadīth, what is told; in shahāda, the witnessing; in hide, the skin and the hiding, and in Urdu haḍḍī, the bone the blood hides in; in heed, what the head keeps, and hate, its opposite by the show’s rule; and in the island of Manhattan. Episode VII makes the case, from two supermodels and a comedian to the ninety-nine names; the words wait here for it.

• Arabicash-Shahīdthe Witness, from whose knowledge nothing is hidden, one of the ninety-nine names of God — sh-h-d, to witness, to be present, to testify (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): wa-kafā bi-llāhi shahīdā, and God suffices as witness (Qur’an 4:79): Episode VII reads it, and the H-D register carries it; set on the shah tab too
• Arabical-Wāḥid · wāḥidthe One, one in His essence, with no like and no equal, not to be divided nor doubled, one of the ninety-nine names of God; one — w-ḥ-d, waḥada, to be alone, unique, without equal (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507), H-D with a w set in front of it: subḥānahu huwa llāhu l-wāḥidu l-qahhār, glory be to Him: He is God, the One, the Subduer (Qur’an 39:4); set on the bahu tab toothe case to come
• Arabical-Aḥad · aḥadthe Sole, who has ever been one and alone, with no second in His lordship, His essence or His attributes, one of the ninety-nine names of God; one — ʾ-ḥ-d, beside wāḥid (Wehr, Lane): qul huwa llāhu aḥad, say: He is God, One (Qur’an 112:1)the case to come
• Arabical-Hādī · Mahdī · Mahdi · Mehdithe Guide, who leads His creatures on the right way and to the true faith, one of the ninety-nine names of God; the guided one; its common spellings — h-d-y, to guide, to lead on the right way (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): wa-kafā bi-rabbika hādiyan wa-naṣīrā, and your Lord suffices as a guide and a helper (Qur’an 25:31): Episode VII reads the name and the verse; Mahdī, Mahdi and Mehdi set on the mother and mahā tabs too
• Arabicḥadīthwhat is told; the report of the Prophet’s words and deeds; also new — ḥ-d-th (Wehr, Lane); set on the dot tab too
• Englishhidethe skin; and the act of hiding, both — Old English hȳd and hȳdan (OED); Watkins *(s)keu-, to cover; set on the hay tab too
• Urdu · Hindihaḍḍīthe bone — Urdu haḍḍī (Platts); Prakrit haḍḍa (Turner); this show hears the hiding in it: the blood is made inside the bone, hidden there, and the bone hides it
• Munsee LenapeManhattanthe island — manaháhtaan, the place where one gathers bows (Goddard 2010); the island of many hills, by the older account; recorded from 1609, as Manna-hata, and Mannahatta in Whitman; set on the man, ten and Noah tabs too, and Episode VII reads it
• Arabicḥadīdiron — Hadid; and Sūrat al-Ḥadīd, the chapter of iron; set on the dot tab too
• SanskritSiddhārtha · Siddhartha · Siddharthhe whose aim is accomplished, the name of the Buddha; the common spelling; the name as India spells it — siddha, accomplished, and artha, the aim (Monier-Williams); set on the side and door tabs toothe case to come
• Englishheartthe organ that drives the blood; the centre of a thing — Old English heorte; Watkins *kerd-: Latin cor, Greek kardía (OED, Kroonen); set on the earth and hair tabs too, and the H-D register hears it beside hubthe case to come
• Arabicḥadd · ḥudūdthe limit, the edge; the limits; ḥudūd set on the dot tab too
• Arabicshahādathe witnessing; the testimony of faith — shāhid, the witness; shahīd, the martyr; set on the shah tab too
• Arabicshahīd · shāhid · Shahidthe martyr, who bears witness with his life, and the witness; the one who sees, the witness; the name — sh-h-d (Wehr, Lane): li-takūnū shuhadāʾa ʿalā n-nās, that you may be witnesses over mankind (Qur’an 2:143): Episode VII reads it, and the H-D register carries it; set on the shah tab too
• Hebrewḥādāsh · ḥōdeshnew; the new moon, the month
• Tigrinyaḥaddishnew — Haddish
• ArabicUḥud · Uhudthe mountain north of Medina, and the battle fought beneath it in 625; the common spelling — Uḥud (Yāqūt, Muʿjam al-Buldān)the case to come
• Arabic · Hebrewyahūd · Yahūdī · Yəhūdāh · Judahthe Jews; a Jew; Judah; the English — Arabic y-h-d, hāda, to turn back, to repent: innā hudnā ilayka, we have turned to You (Qur’an 7:156), and al-yahūd (2:113); Hebrew Yəhūdāh, Judah, from y-d-h, to praise (Brown, Driver and Briggs; Wehr, Lane); Judah set on the God tab toothe case to come
• Englishhatwhat covers the head — Old English hætt; Watkins *kadh-, to shelter, to cover
• Englishhutwhat covers the body — French hutte, Old High German hutta; Germanic *hudjōn-, the shelter
• Englishhoodwhat covers the head again — Old English hōd; Watkins *kadh-, to shelter, to cover
• Englishhateto detest — Old English hatian; Germanic *hatōn- (Kroonen, OED); Watkins *kād-, sorrow, hatred; this show reads it by its rule of the same and the opposite, beside heed; set on the hay tab toothe case to come
• Englishheedto mind, to keep watch over — Old English hēdan, to guard (OED); the dictionaries set it beside hoodthe case to come
• Englishheighthow high a thing stands — Old English hīehþu, from hēah, high (OED); the top, as the head is the top of the body; set on the hay tab toothe case to come
• Englishhotof a high heat — Old English hāt; Germanic *haita-, hot (Kroonen, OED)the case to come
• Englishhadthe past of have — Old English hæfde, from habban, to have, to hold (OED)the case to come
• Englishhydrateto take in water; a compound with water bound in it — Greek hýdōr, water, through French hydrater (OED); set on the hay tab toothe case to come
• Englishhydrantthe street pipe that gives water — an American coinage of the early nineteenth century on Greek hýdōr, water (OED); set on the run, hay and net tabs toothe case to come
• Greekhýdra · hydrathe water-snake; the many-headed one Heracles fought — hýdōr, water (Beekes, OED); Watkins *wed-, the root of water; set on the water tab too, and hydra on the hay tabthe case to come
• Englishaheadin front, onward — on head, Old English on hēafod, at the head of (OED); the head as the front of the linethe case to come
• EnglishHydethe surname — from hide, the measure of land a household lived on (Hanks, Coates and McClure); Jekyll and Hyde; set on the hay tab toothe case to come
• Englishhaddockthe fish — Middle English haddok, of uncertain origin (OED); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• GermanHeidia name — the Swiss pet form of Adelheid, of noble kind: Germanic adal, noble, and heid, kind, sort (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); set on the hay tab toothe case to come
• TaínoHaiti · Haïti · Ayitithe land of high mountains; the French; the Haitian Creole — Taíno hayti, mountainous, by the OED’s account under Haitian; Haiti and Haïti set on the hay tab toothe case to come
• Arabical-Ḥūthī · Huthi · Houthithe nisba of the movement’s founding family; the movement’s name, in its two common spellings — Ḥūth, a town of the highlands north of Ṣanʿāʾ · Sanaa (Yāqūt, Muʿjam al-Buldān)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindihaṭomove aside, get out of the way — the imperative of haṭnā, to move away (Platts)the case to come
• Urdu · Hindihāththe hand — Sanskrit hasta (Platts, Monier-Williams): hāth lag gaʾī, it came to hand, it was gotthe case to come
• Arabictawḥīd · tawheedthe oneness of God, and the declaring of it; the common spelling — w-ḥ-d, the root of wāḥid and aḥad (Wehr, Lane): qul huwa llāhu aḥad, say: He is God, One (Qur’an 112:1); Episode VII sets it beside the head, and the H-D register carries it; set on the bahu tab toothe case to come
• Arabicḥadath · muḥaddiththe event, the new thing, and the minor impurity that ablution lifts; the scholar who hands on the ḥadīth — ḥ-d-th, to happen, to tell (Wehr, Lane); set on the dot tab too, and muḥaddith on the mahā tabthe case to come
• Arabictahdīdthe threat, the menace — h-d-d, to threaten, to pull down (Wehr, Lane); set on the dot and ḍuḥā tabs toothe case to come
• HebrewYəhūḏīṯthe woman of Judah, the name Judith — Yəhūḏīṯ (Brown, Driver and Briggs; Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); set on the dot tab toothe case to come
• Arabicḥadīqathe walled garden — ḥ-d-q (Wehr, Lane); set on the duck tab toothe case to come
• Arabicṣāliḥātthe righteous deeds — ṣ-l-ḥ, to be good, sound, right (Wehr, Lane): illā lladhīna āmanū wa-ʿamilū ṣ-ṣāliḥāt, except those who believe and do righteous deeds (Qur’an 103:3); set on the Allah and salt tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicilḥād · mulḥidthe turning aside from the faith, unbelief; the one who turns aside, the unbeliever — l-ḥ-d, to deviate, whence laḥd, the niche cut in the side of a grave (Wehr, Lane): wa-li-llāhi l-asmāʾu l-ḥusnā fa-dʿūhu bihā wa-dharū lladhīna yulḥidūna fī asmāʾih, and to God belong the most beautiful names, so call on Him by them, and leave those who deviate concerning His names (Qur’an 7:180); set on the Allah tab too, and mulḥid on the mill tabthe case to come
• Arabiclahatha · yalhathto pant, the tongue out; it pants — l-h-th (Wehr, Lane): fa-mathaluhū ka-mathali l-kalbi in taḥmil ʿalayhi yalhath aw tatruk-hu yalhath, his likeness is the likeness of the dog: if you charge at it, it pants, and if you leave it, it pants (Qur’an 7:176); set on the Allah tab too, and yalhath on the yell tabthe case to come
• Sanskritlohitared, reddish, and the blood — Sanskrit lohita (Monier-Williams); set on the Allah tab toothe case to come
• Sanskrit · Hindirohita · Rohitred, reddish; the name, in its common spelling — Sanskrit rohita (Monier-Williams); set on the rūḥ tab toothe case to come
• UrduHaiderthe name, in its common Urdu spelling, said with the ai as a plain vowel — Arabic ḥaydar, the lion, a name of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (Wehr, Lane); set on the hay and door tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urduṣiḥḥat · sehathealth, in Urdu; its common spelling — ṣ-ḥ-ḥ, to be sound, healthy, correct (Wehr, Lane; Platts); set on the shah tab toothe case to come
• Arabiczuhd · zāhidthe renunciation of the world, the asceticism; the ascetic, the one who sets little store by a thing — z-h-d (Wehr, Lane): wa-kānū fīhi mina z-zāhidīn, and they set little store by him (Qur’an 12:20); set on the shah tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Persianshahdhoney — Arabic shahd, honey in its comb (Lane; Steingass, Platts); set on the shah tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindibahutmuch, very, many — Hindi bahut, from Sanskrit bahutva, muchness (Platts, Turner); set on the bahu tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urduwaḥda · waḥdatthe oneness, the unity; the same, as Urdu and Persian say it — w-ḥ-d, the root of wāḥid (Wehr, Lane; Platts); set on the bahu tab too, and waḥdat on the dot tabthe case to come
• Persian · Urdubahādurbrave; the hero, and the title — Persian bahādur, a word of Mongol origin (Steingass; Yule and Burnell); set on the bahu and door tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicmahdthe cradle — m-h-d, to spread, to make smooth (Wehr, Lane): qālū kayfa nukallimu man kāna fī l-mahdi ṣabiyyā, they said: how shall we speak to one who is in the cradle, a child? (Qur’an 19:29); set on the mahā tab toothe case to come
• Sanskrit · EnglishMahātmā · mahatmathe great soul, the title given to Gandhi; its English form — Sanskrit mahā-, great, and ātman, the soul, the breath (Monier-Williams; OED); set on the atom and mahā tabs toothe case to come
• Persianmahtābthe moonlight — Persian mahtāb, from māh, the moon (Steingass); set on the mahā and tab tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicjihād · jihad · juhd · mujāhid · ijtihādthe striving, the struggle in the way of God; its English spelling; the effort; the one who strives; the scholar’s own striving to reach a ruling — j-h-d, to strive, to exert oneself (Wehr, Lane): wa-jāhidū fī llāhi ḥaqqa jihādih, and strive for God as He should be striven for (Qur’an 22:78); jihād, jihad, juhd and mujāhid set on the koh tab too, and mujāhid on the magic tab, and ijtihād on the God and ḍuḥā tabsthe case to come

Wehr 1994, Lane 1863–93, BDB 1906, Platts 1884, OED, Watkins 2011, Kroonen 2013, Beekes 2010, Hanks et al. 2016, Hanks, Hardcastle & Hodges 2006, Yāqūt, Muʿjam al-Buldān, Monier-Williams 1899, Turner 1962–66, Goddard 2010, al-Tirmidhī, Jāmiʿ 3507, Steingass 1892

Kin the textbooks keep apart

Say ḍuḥā: the tongue spread against the ridge and the teeth with the voice, its back drawn up toward the soft palate for the heavy d, then the breath forced through the narrowed deep throat for the ḥ. Ḍ-Ḥ — and since this show hears d, t, th, dh, ṭ and ḍ as one sound, D-H and T-H with it. The dictionaries take ḍuḥā, the brightness of the forenoon, to the root ḍ-ḥ-w, to come out into the sun, whence aḍḥā and uḍḥiya, the sacrifice made at that hour of the feast; and there they stop. This show hears the same two sounds in Arabic al-Fattāḥ, the Opener, one of the ninety-nine names; in tahajjud, the night vigil; in dhahab, the gold; in ṭahāra, the purity, and Ṭāhira; in tahlīl, the saying that there is no god but God; in dahr, the long time, and in ijtihād, the scholar’s striving; in ṭaḥīna, the sesame paste; in Hebrew tōhû, the formlessness of Genesis, and təhillāh, the praise; in Urdu dahī, the curd, and dahshat, the dread; in Sanskrit deha, the body; in Doha, Tahoe, Tehran and adhere; and in the D-H and T-H words already standing on other tabs — fatḥ, the opening, miftāḥ, the key, and al-Fātiḥa, the Opening, ʿĪd al-Aḍḥā, the feast of the sacrifice, tahdīd, the threat, sidrat al-muntahā, the Lote Tree of the Farthest Limit, Hebrew pātaḥ, to open, Dihlī and Sanskrit duḥkha, the sorrow — set here too, each card saying so. The dictionaries are named beside each word. An episode makes the case; the words wait here for it.

• Arabical-Fattāḥthe Opener, who opens the gates of provision and mercy to His servants and judges between them with the truth, one of the ninety-nine names of God — f-t-ḥ, fataḥa, to open; fattāḥ, the opener, and the judge who decides between two (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): thumma yaftaḥu baynanā bi-l-ḥaqqi wa-huwa l-fattāḥu l-ʿalīm, then He will open between us with the truth, and He is the Opener, the All-Knowing (Qur’an 34:26); set on the father tab toothe case to come
• Arabictahajjudthe night prayer, the keeping of vigil — h-j-d, to sleep, and in this form to rise from sleep to pray (Wehr, Lane): wa-mina l-layli fa-tahajjad bihī nāfilatan lak, and in part of the night keep vigil with it, as an extra for you (Qur’an 17:79); set on the hawk and God tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicdhahab · dhahabagold; to go — dh-h-b (Wehr, Lane): mina dh-dhahabi wa-l-fiḍḍa, of gold and silver (Qur’an 3:14); set on the hub and shah tabs toothe case to come
• ArabicʿĪd al-Aḍḥā · Eid al-Adhathe feast of the sacrifice; its common spelling — ʿ-w-d, to return, and aḍḥā, the sacrifices, from ḍ-ḥ-w (Wehr, Lane): the dictionary’s own ḍuḥā; set on the ten tab too
• ArabicDhuhrthe noon prayer, in a common spelling of ẓuhr, the noon, the midday — ẓ-h-r: ẓuhr, noon, midday, and ṣalāt aẓ-ẓuhr, the noon prayer (Wehr, Lane); set on the hair and shah tabs toothe case to come
• Arabictaḥiyya · at-taḥiyyātthe greeting, the salutation; the greetings, the words that open the sitting of the prayer — ḥ-y-y, ḥayyā, to greet, to wish long life (Wehr, Lane): wa-idhā ḥuyyītum bi-taḥiyyatin fa-ḥayyū bi-aḥsana minhā aw ruddūhā, and when you are greeted with a greeting, greet with a better one or return it (Qur’an 4:86); set on the hay tab toothe case to come
• Arabicḍuḥā · aḍ-Ḍuḥāthe brightness of the forenoon, when the sun is well up; the Morning Brightness, the ninety-third sura — ḍ-ḥ-w (Wehr, Lane): wa-ḍ-ḍuḥā, wa-l-layli idhā sajā, by the morning brightness, and by the night when it grows still (Qur’an 93:1–2); wa-sh-shamsi wa-ḍuḥāhā, by the sun and its morning brightness (91:1): the dictionary’s own ḍuḥā
• Arabicuḍḥiya · ḍaḥiyyathe animal sacrificed at the ʿĪd; the same — ḍ-ḥ-w: ḍaḥḥā, to sacrifice at the forenoon of the feast, and aḍḥā, the sacrifices (Wehr, Lane): the dictionary’s own ḍuḥā; set on the hay tab too
• Arabicṭahāra · ṭāhir · Ṭāhira · Tahirathe purity, the ritual cleanness; pure, clean; the woman’s name; its common spelling — ṭ-h-r (Wehr, Lane): wa-thiyābaka fa-ṭahhir, and your garments purify (Qur’an 74:4); set on the hair tab toothe case to come
• Arabictahlīlthe saying of lā ilāha illā llāh, there is no god but God — h-l-l (Wehr, Lane); set on the hello tab toothe case to come
• Arabicdahr · ad-Dahrtime, the long age; Time, the other name of the seventy-sixth sura — d-h-r (Wehr, Lane): hal atā ʿalā l-insāni ḥīnun mina d-dahri lam yakun shayʾan madhkūrā, has there come upon man a span of time when he was nothing to be mentioned? (Qur’an 76:1); set on the hair tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Englishṭaḥīna · ṭaḥīn · tahinithe paste of ground sesame; the flour; its English name — ṭ-ḥ-n, to grind (Wehr); tahini from the Arabic (OED)the case to come
• Hebrewtōhû · bōhûthe formlessness, the waste; the emptiness — Hebrew tōhû and bōhû (Brown, Driver and Briggs): wə-hāʾāreṣ hāyəṯāh ṯōhû wā-ḇōhû, and the earth was without form and void (Genesis 1:2); bōhû set on the bahu tab toothe case to come
• Hebrewtəhillāh · Təhillîmthe praise, the song of praise; the Psalms — Hebrew təhillāh, from hālal, to praise (Brown, Driver and Briggs); set on the hello tab too, and Təhillîm on the lamb tabthe case to come
• Urdu · Hindidahīthe curd, the yoghurt — Hindi dahī, from Sanskrit dadhi (Platts, Turner)the case to come
• Urdu · Arabicdahshat · dahshathe terror, the dread; the bewilderment, the amazement — Arabic dahsha (Platts; Wehr); set on the host tab too, and dahshat on the side tabthe case to come
• Sanskritdehathe body — Sanskrit deha (Monier-Williams)the case to come
• Arabic · Englishad-Dawḥa · Dohathe great spreading tree; the capital of Qatar, which bears the name — d-w-ḥ (Lane; Britannica); ad-Dawḥa set on the tab and bahu tabs toothe case to come
• EnglishTahoethe lake of the Sierra Nevada — from Washo dáʔaw, the lake (Bright)the case to come
• EnglishTehranthe capital of Iran — Persian Tihrān (Britannica); set on the hair and run tabs toothe case to come
• Englishadhere · adhesiveto stick fast, to hold to; sticking; the glue — Latin adhaerēre, ad-, to, and haerēre, to stick (OED); adhere set on the hair tab too, and adhesive on the host and sieve tabsthe case to come
• Arabicijtihādthe scholar’s own striving to reach a ruling — j-h-d, to strive, to exert oneself (Wehr, Lane): wa-jāhidū fī llāhi ḥaqqa jihādih, and strive for God as He should be striven for (Qur’an 22:78); set on the head and God tabs toothe case to come
• Arabical-Fātiḥa · Fatiha · Fatihahthe Opening: the first chapter, said in every prayer; its common spellings — f-t-ḥ, to open (Wehr, Lane); set on the father tab toothe case to come
• Urdufatḥ · Fatehvictory, which in this root is the opening; the common spelling, as in the name Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan — fatḥ (Platts); set on the father tab toothe case to come
• Arabicmiftāḥthe key: what the Opener gives — f-t-ḥ, to open (Wehr, Lane); set on the father tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · TurkishFātiḥ · Fatihthe Opener: Mehmed II, whom English calls the Conqueror; the Turkish spelling, as in Fatih Sultan Mehmet — f-t-ḥ, to open (Wehr, Lane); set on the father tab toothe case to come
• Hebrewpātaḥto open — Hebrew pātaḥ (Brown, Driver and Briggs); and, in Aramaic, Ephphatha, be opened (Mark 7:34); set on the father tab toothe case to come
• Arabictahdīdthe threat, the menace — h-d-d, to threaten, to pull down (Wehr, Lane); set on the head and dot tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicsidrat al-muntahāthe Lote Tree of the Farthest Limit — s-d-r, and muntahā, the utmost end, from n-h-y (Wehr, Lane): Qur’an 53:14; set on the door, net and side tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · PersianDihlīthe city, in Urdu and Persian — Dihlī, the form Muslims use, beside Dillī, the old Hindu form; dil, an old Hindi word for an eminence, probably its source (Yule and Burnell); set on the hello and tell tabs toothe case to come
• Sanskritduḥkhathe sorrow, the pain — Sanskrit duḥkha, its ḥ the visarga, a breath before the kh (Monier-Williams); set on the hawk and duck tabs toothe case to come

Wehr 1994, Lane 1863–93, BDB 1906, Platts 1884, Turner 1962–66, Monier-Williams 1899, OED, Bright 2004, Britannica, Yule & Burnell 1903, al-Tirmidhī, Jāmiʿ 3507, Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ

Kin the textbooks keep apart

Say hawk: a breath from the throat, then the back of the tongue struck against the roof of the mouth and let go. H-K — and one step further back, H-Q. This show hears the same two sounds in Arabic ḥaqq, the truth, what is struck and stands; in ḥukm and ḥikma, the judgment and the wisdom, and in al-Ḥakīm, the Wise, and al-Ḥakam, the Judge, two of the ninety-nine names; in Hebrew ḥāqaq, to carve a law into stone; and in hack, hook, hockey, hoax and haiku: the strike, and what it sets. Say huge, and the same pair comes with the body of the tongue pressed to the palate and let go with a buzz: H-J, and further back H-G, one pair with H-K to this show, which hears G, K and J as one. The dictionaries give huge no ancestry beyond Old French. This show hears the same two sounds in Arabic hijra, the leaving of Mecca that the calendar counts from, and hājara, to migrate; in ḥajj, the pilgrimage, and wahhāj, the blazing; in Hebrew Hāgār, Hagar, who was sent out into the wilderness; in hug, hag, hog and haggard; in the Navajo hooghan, the home; and in hygiene and hagiography. The dictionaries are named beside each word. An episode makes the case; the words wait here for it.

• Arabical-Ḥakam · ḥukmthe Judge, the Arbiter who decides between His creatures, one of the ninety-nine names of God; the judgment, the ruling — ḥ-k-m, ḥakama, to judge, to rule; ḥākim, the governor; maḥkama, the court (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): a-fa-ghayra llāhi abtaghī ḥakaman, shall I then seek a judge other than God? (Qur’an 6:114); set on the gem tab too
• Arabical-Ḥakīmthe Wise, who judges and orders all things with wisdom, one of the ninety-nine names of God — ḥ-k-m, to judge, to rule, to hold back from wrong, whence ḥikma, wisdom (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): innaka anta l-ʿalīmu l-ḥakīm, You are the All-Knowing, the Wise (Qur’an 2:32); Bayt al-Ḥikma, the House of Wisdom in Baghdad; set on the gem tab too
• Arabical-Ḥaqq · ḥaqqthe Truth, the Real, who exists truly and of Himself, one of the ninety-nine names of God; the truth, the right, what is real and due — ḥ-q-q, to be true, to be due, whence ḥaqīqa, reality, Persian and Urdu ḥaqīqat (Wehr, Lane; Steingass; al-Tirmidhī 3507): dhālika bi-anna llāha huwa l-ḥaqq, that is because God, He is the Truth (Qur’an 22:6)
• English · Old Frenchhuge · ahugevery large, vast; the same, in Old French — of unknown origin (OED): its ladder is set in the shaft above, beside hawk’s; huge set on the hay tab too
• Arabicḥajj · ḥājjthe pilgrimage to Mecca; the pilgrim — ḥ-j-j, with the deep ḥ (Wehr, Lane): wa-li-llāhi ʿalā n-nāsi ḥijju l-bayt, and to God the people owe the pilgrimage to the House (Qur’an 3:97); Sūrat al-Ḥajj (22)the case to come
• Arabicḥikma · hikmah · ḥakamawisdom; the common spelling; to judge, to decide — ḥ-k-m (Wehr, Lane): yuʾtī l-ḥikmata man yashāʾ, He gives wisdom to whom He wills (Qur’an 2:269); Urdu ḥikmat (Platts); set on the gem tab toothe case to come
• Arabicyaqīncertainty — y-q-n (Wehr, Lane): the truth held past doubt; the show sets it beside ḥakīmthe case to come
• Hebrewḥāqaq · ḥōqto cut in, to engrave, to decree; the statute — a law is what is carved into stone
• Hebrewḥākhām · ḥokhmāhwise; wisdom — the same two consonants as al-Ḥakīm, with the m behind them; set on the gem tab too
• Urduḥakīmthe wise one — and the physician: the traditional doctor of Lahore and Delhi is a ḥakīm, and this show is hosted by one; set on the gem tab too
• Urduḥukūmatgovernment, rule — Arabic ḥukm with the Persian ending; set on the gem tab too
• Englishhackto cut with rough, heavy blows — Old English tō-haccian; the strike that breaks through
• Englishhookthe bent thing that catches and holds — Old English hōc; what stays after the strike
• Englishhockey · hike · hickeythe game of the hooked stick (perhaps Old French hoquet, the shepherd’s crook); the vigorous walk, origin unknown; the mark left on the skin, origin unknown; hike set on the hay tab too, and hockey and hickey on the key tab
• Englishhoaxa trick dressed as truth — a clipping of hocus-pocus, the conjuror’s words; the show hears the shadow of ḥaqq in it; set on the jazz and kiss tabs too
• Englishhexa spell, a curse; to bewitch — American English, from Pennsylvania German hexe, German Hexe, the witch (Old High German hagazussa; OED); set on the jazz and kiss tabs toothe case to come
• Latinhoc · ad hocthis — the neuter of hic, this one here; ad hoc, to this, for this purpose alone: an ad hoc committee, made for the one matter in front of it (de Vaan, OED)the case to come
• Japanesehaikuthe cut verse, seventeen syllables — hai, playful, and ku, the line (OED); a form built on a kireji, a cutting word; set on the hay tab toothe case to come
• Swahilihakuna · hakuna matatathere is not; there is nothing the matter — Swahili ha-, not, ku-, the place, -na, with: nothing is here (Johnson, A Standard Swahili–English Dictionary, 1939); set here for the case to come; hakuna matata set on the dot tab toothe case to come
• MohawkMohawkthe people’s name in the mouths of their neighbours, Narragansett mohowawog, the man-eaters (OED; Bright); their own name is Kanien’kehá:ka, the people of the flint — which is the thing that strikes; set on the mahā tab toothe case to come
• Latiniūdex · iocusthe judge, who says the law (iūs and dīcere; de Vaan); the joke, whose punch-line strikes — the J road: judge, jack, jacket, jolt, joke; set on the jazz and kiss tabs too, and iūdex on the duck tabthe case to come
• Englishhickory · jockeythe tree, and its nut; the rider, first the lad, Jock — Virginia Algonquian pawcohiccora, the nut milk, cut short; Jock, the Scots form of Jack (OED; Bright); hickory set on the care tab too, and jockey on the cage and key tabsthe case to come
• Arabichijra · hājarathe migration, the leaving; to migrate, to leave one’s home — h-j-r (Wehr, Lane): the Prophet’s migration to Medina in 622, from which the calendar counts; wa-man yuhājir fī sabīli llāh, and whoever migrates in the way of God (Qur’an 4:100); set on the care tab toothe case to come
• Arabicmuhājir · muhājirūn · muhājarathe emigrant; the Emigrants who left Mecca; the emigrating — the participle and the verbal noun of hājara (Wehr, Lane): al-muhājirīna wa-l-anṣār, the Emigrants and the Helpers (Qur’an 9:100); set on the mahā tab too, and muhājirūn on the run tabthe case to come
• Arabicmuhājar · mahjarthe place emigrated to; the place of emigration, and the Arab diaspora of the Americas, al-mahjar — h-j-r, the root of hijra (Wehr, Lane); set on the care and mahā tabs toothe case to come
• Arabichajr · hajara · hajīrabandonment, estrangement; to forsake, to leave; the midday heat, when people keep to their houses as though they had forsaken one another — h-j-r (Wehr, Lane): wa-hjurhum hajran jamīlan, and leave them with a gracious leaving (Qur’an 73:10)the case to come
• HebrewHāgār · Hagar · Hājar · Hajarthe mother of Ishmael, sent out into the wilderness of Beersheba — Hāgār (Brown, Driver and Briggs), of uncertain meaning; Genesis 16 and 21; Arabic Hājar, Hajar in its common spelling, whom the tradition sets at the well of Zamzam; set on the care tab toothe case to come
• Arabicwahhāj · Wahhaj · Wahajblazing, glowing — w-h-j (Wehr, Lane): wa-jaʿalnā sirājan wahhājan, and We made a blazing lamp (Qur’an 78:13); a man’s name, in its common spellings; set on the bahu tab toothe case to come
• Arabicḥijāb · al-Ḥijāz · Hejaz · Hijazthe veil, the screen; and the Hejaz, the barrier of mountains between the coast and the plateau; its common spellings — ḥ-j-b, and ḥ-j-z, to hold back (Wehr, Lane); ḥijāb set on the cow tab toothe case to come
• Arabicḥijāma · hijamacupping, the drawing of blood by the cup — ḥ-j-m, ḥajama, to cup (Wehr, Lane); ḥajjām, the cupper; the physician’s word; set on the gem tab toothe case to come
• Navajohooghan · hoganthe home, the dwelling; the round house of logs and earth — hooghan, from -ghan, home (Young and Morgan); English hogan by 1871 (OED)the case to come
• Englishhugto hold close — of uncertain origin, by 1567; perhaps Old Norse hugga, to comfort (OED)the case to come
• Englishhagthe old woman; the witch — Old English hægtesse, the witch, cut short (OED)the case to come
• Englishhaggleto wrangle over a price; first, to hack — from hag, to cut, Old Norse hǫggva, to hew (OED)the case to come
• Englishhogthe pig — Old English hogg, of uncertain origin; perhaps a Celtic word, Welsh hwch (OED)the case to come
• Englishhaggisthe pudding of the sheep’s pluck — Middle English hagese, of uncertain origin; perhaps from hag, to hack (OED); set on the jazz and kiss tabs toothe case to come
• Englishhaggardwild-looking, worn; first, the hawk caught wild — French hagard, of uncertain origin (OED)the case to come
• Malayagar-agar · agarthe seaweed jelly — Malay agar-agar (OED); the plate of the laboratorythe case to come
• EnglishHugh · Hugo · Hugues · Ugoa name; its Latin, German and Spanish form; the French; the Italian — Germanic hug, the heart, the mind, the spirit (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); the first element of Hubbard, on the hub tab; Hugh and Hugo set on the hay tab toothe case to come
• Greekhygíeia · hygienehealth; the keeping of it — hygiḗs, healthy, sound (Beekes, OED); Hygieia, the daughter of Asclepius; hygiene set on the hay tab toothe case to come
• Greekhágios · hagiography · Hagia Sophiaholy; the writing of the saints’ lives; the Holy Wisdom — hágios (Beekes, OED); Hagia Sophia set on the safe tab too, and hágios on the jazz and kiss tabs, and hagiography on the roof tabthe case to come
• Sanskritduḥkhathe sorrow, the pain — Sanskrit duḥkha, its ḥ the visarga, a breath before the kh (Monier-Williams); set on the duck and ḍuḥā tabs toothe case to come
• Englishbillhookthe hooked blade for pruning and hedging — bill, Old English bil, the sword, and hook (OED); set on the ball and Allah tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdulahja · lehjathe tongue, the tone, the manner of speaking, the dialect; the accent, in Urdu, and its common spelling — l-h-j (Wehr, Lane); Urdu lahja (Platts); set on the Allah tab toothe case to come
• Arabicraḥīqthe pure wine of paradise — r-ḥ-q (Wehr, Lane): yusqawna min raḥīqin makhtūm, they are given to drink of a pure wine, sealed (Qur’an 83:25); set on the rūḥ tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindimahak · mahaknāthe fragrance; to give off fragrance — Hindi mahak (Platts); set on the mahā tab too, and mahaknā on the gene tabthe case to come
• Englishmahoganythe hard red-brown wood of a tropical tree — of unknown origin (OED); set on the mahā and gene tabs toothe case to come
• Arabictahajjudthe night prayer, the keeping of vigil — h-j-d, to sleep, and in this form to rise from sleep to pray (Wehr, Lane): wa-mina l-layli fa-tahajjad bihī nāfilatan lak, and in part of the night keep vigil with it, as an extra for you (Qur’an 17:79); set on the ḍuḥā and God tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urduqahqahathe loud laughter, the guffaw — q-h-q-h, a word made from the sound (Wehr, Lane); Urdu qahqaha, a burst of laughter (Platts); set on the koh tab toothe case to come
• Arabicminhāj · manhajthe open way; the method — n-h-j, to make a road plain (Wehr, Lane): li-kullin jaʿalnā minkum shirʿatan wa-minhājā, for each of you We have made a law and a way (Qur’an 5:48); set on the Noah and man tabs toothe case to come

Wehr 1994, Lane 1863–93, BDB 1906, Platts 1884, OED, Watkins 2011, Kroonen 2013, de Vaan 2008, Hanks et al. 2016, Johnson 1939, Bright 2004, Beekes 2010, Young & Morgan 1987, Hanks, Hardcastle & Hodges 2006, Monier-Williams 1899, al-Tirmidhī, Jāmiʿ 3507, Steingass 1892

Kin the textbooks keep apart

Say koh: the back of the tongue struck against the soft palate without the voice, the lips rounding on the long o, then the breath let out from the open throat. K-H. To this show g, k, q, hard c, kh, gh and j are one sound, so G-H, Q-H and J-H come with it. The dictionaries take Persian kōh, the mountain, which Iran now says kūh, to Middle Persian kōf and to Old Persian kaufa-, the mountain of the inscriptions of Darius and Xerxes, beside Avestan kaofa-, and make of it Kohistān, the mountain country, and the Koh-i-Nūr, the Mountain of Light; and there they stop. This show hears the same two sounds in Arabic al-Qahhār, the Subduer, one of the ninety-nine names; in qahwa, the coffee, which Lane gives first as the wine; in kahf, the cave of the eighteenth sura; in kahrabāʾ, the electricity, from Persian kahrubā, the amber that draws the straw; in jahl, the ignorance, jihād, the striving, jahr, the saying aloud, jahannam, Hell, and qahqaha, the loud laughter; in Arabic kāhin, the soothsayer, and Hebrew kōhēn, the priest, and kōaḥ, the strength; in Persian jahān, the world, of Shāh Jahān, jahāz, the ship, and dargāh, the shrine; in Urdu kahānī, the story; in Hawaiian kahuna, the priest, and Japanese kōhī, the coffee; in Cohen, Gehenna, cohort and cohere; and in the K-H words already standing on other tabs — kuḥl and alcohol, al-Qāhira, the Victorious, which English calls Cairo, and Persian bārgāh, the hall of the presence — set here too, each card saying so. The dictionaries are named beside each word. An episode makes the case; the words wait here for it.

• Arabical-Qahhār · qahrthe Subduer, who overpowers all things and before whom every creature is brought low, one of the ninety-nine names of God; the subduing, the overpowering — q-h-r, qahara, to subdue, to overpower, to conquer (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): a-arbābun mutafarriqūna khayrun ami llāhu l-wāḥidu l-qahhār, are separate lords better, or God, the One, the Subduer? (Qur’an 12:39); set on the hair tab toothe case to come
• Arabicqahwacoffee, and in the old language wine — q-h-w, which Lane says named the wine because it takes away the appetite for food, and later the coffee (Lane, Wehr); through Ottoman Turkish kahve the source of coffee (OED); set on the hub tab toothe case to come
• Arabickahf · al-Kahfthe cave; the Cave, the eighteenth sura — k-h-f (Wehr, Lane): idh awā l-fityatu ilā l-kahfi, when the youths took refuge in the cave (Qur’an 18:10); set on the hoof tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Persiankahrabāʾ · kahrubāelectricity; amber, in Persian — Arabic kahrabāʾ, from Persian kahrubā, kāh, straw, and rubā, snatching, for the amber that draws straw to itself (Wehr; Steingass); set on the hair and rib tabs toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdukōh · kūh · Kohistānthe mountain; the mountain, as Iran says it now; the mountain country — Persian kōh, kūh, and Urdu koh, from Middle Persian kōf, Old Persian kaufa- (Steingass, Platts; MacKenzie 1971; Kent 1953): the dictionary’s own koh; Kohistān set on the host, side and ten tabs too
• Persian · EnglishKoh-i-Nūr · Kohinoorthe Mountain of Light, the diamond of the Mughals and now of the British crown; its English spelling — Persian kōh, the mountain, and nūr, the light, from Arabic (Steingass; OED): the dictionary’s own koh; set on the nose tab too
• Arabicjahl · jāhil · jāhiliyyaignorance; ignorant; the Age of Ignorance, before Islam — j-h-l (Wehr, Lane): a-fa-ḥukma l-jāhiliyyati yabghūn, is it the judgement of the Age of Ignorance that they seek? (Qur’an 5:50); set on the hello tab too, and jāhiliyya on the lay tabthe case to come
• Arabicjihād · jihad · juhd · mujāhidthe striving, the struggle in the way of God; its English spelling; the effort; the one who strives — j-h-d, to strive, to exert oneself (Wehr, Lane): wa-jāhidū fī llāhi ḥaqqa jihādih, and strive for God as He should be striven for (Qur’an 22:78); set on the head tab too, and mujāhid on the magic tabthe case to come
• Arabicjahr · jahranopenness, the saying aloud; openly, aloud — j-h-r (Wehr, Lane): wa-in tajhar bi-l-qawli fa-innahu yaʿlamu s-sirra wa-akhfā, and if you speak aloud, He knows the secret and what is more hidden still (Qur’an 20:7); set on the hair tab too, and jahran on the run tabthe case to come
• Arabic · Englishjahannam · GehennaHell; the same, in English — Arabic jahannam (Wehr, Lane); Gehenna through Latin gehenna and Greek géenna from Hebrew gê hinnōm, the valley of Hinnom by Jerusalem (OED; Brown, Driver and Briggs): inna jahannama kānat mirṣādā, Hell has been lying in wait (Qur’an 78:21); jahannam set on the name tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urduqahqahathe loud laughter, the guffaw — q-h-q-h, a word made from the sound (Wehr, Lane); Urdu qahqaha, a burst of laughter (Platts); set on the hawk tab toothe case to come
• Arabickāhinthe soothsayer, the diviner — k-h-n (Wehr, Lane): fa-mā anta bi-niʿmati rabbika bi-kāhinin wa-lā majnūn, by the grace of your Lord you are neither a soothsayer nor mad (Qur’an 52:29)the case to come
• Hebrew · Englishkōhēn · Cohenthe priest; the family name of the priestly line — Hebrew kōhēn (Brown, Driver and Briggs); Cohen, the Jewish surname from it (Dictionary of American Family Names)the case to come
• Hebrewkōaḥthe strength, the power — Hebrew kōaḥ (Brown, Driver and Briggs)the case to come
• Persian · Urdujahān · Shāh Jahān · Jahāngīrthe world; the King of the World, the Mughal emperor who raised the Tāj Maḥal; the World-Seizer, his father and the emperor before him — Persian jahān (Steingass); Shāh Jahān and Jahāngīr, the emperors’ titles (Britannica); Shāh Jahān set on the shah tab too, and Jahāngīr on the nose and care tabsthe case to come
• Urdu · Persianjahāzthe ship; and, as hawāʾī jahāz, the aeroplane — Arabic jahāz, the equipment, the apparatus (Wehr; Platts); set on the host tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindikahānī · kahnā · kahā · kahāṉthe story, the tale; to say; said; where — Hindi kahānī, from Sanskrit kathānaka, the tale, and kahnā, from Sanskrit kathayati, he tells (Platts, Turner); kahāṉ, where (Platts)the case to come
• Persian · Urdudargāh · ʿīdgāhthe court, and the shrine at a saint’s tomb; the ground where the prayer of the ʿĪd is said — Persian dar, the door, ʿīd, the feast, and gāh, the place (Platts, Steingass); dargāh set on the door and rock tabs too, and ʿīdgāh on the duck tabthe case to come
• Hawaiiankahunathe priest, the expert in any craft — Hawaiian kahuna (Pukui and Elbert)the case to come
• Japanesekōhīcoffee — Japanese kōhī, from Dutch koffie (NKD)the case to come
• Englishcohortthe company, the band; the tenth part of a Roman legion — Latin cohors, cohort-, the enclosure, the company (OED); set on the hair and earth tabs toothe case to come
• Englishcohere · coherent · cohesionto stick together; holding together, making sense; the sticking together — Latin cohaerēre, co-, together, and haerēre, to stick (OED); cohere and coherent set on the hair tab too, coherent on the run and net tabs, and cohesion on the host and sun tabsthe case to come
• Arabical-Qāhirathe Victorious, the name of the city of Cairo — q-h-r, to overpower (Wehr, Lane; Yāqūt); set on the care and hair tabs toothe case to come
• Persian · Urdubārgāhthe court, the hall of the presence — Persian bār, the admittance, and gāh, the place (Steingass, Platts); set on the bar tab toothe case to come
• Arabickuḥl · kohl · al-kuḥl · alcoholthe powdered antimony for the eyes; the English; the same, with its article, as the alchemists took it; the fine powder, then the spirit — k-ḥ-l (Wehr, Lane); alcohol through the alchemists’ Latin (OED); set on the call tab toothe case to come

Steingass 1892, Platts 1884, MacKenzie 1971, Kent 1953, Wehr 1994, Lane 1863–93, OED, BDB 1906, Turner 1962–66, Pukui & Elbert 1986, NKD 2000–02, Hanks 2003, Britannica, Yāqūt, Muʿjam al-Buldān, al-Tirmidhī, Jāmiʿ 3507

Kin the textbooks keep apart

Say salt: a hiss at the teeth, then the tongue laid flat along the ridge. S-L. The dictionaries give salt its own root and hand it salary, salad and saline. This show hears the same two sounds in Arabic salām, the peace, and ṣalāh, the prayer; in Hebrew shālōm and in Salem; in saliva and soul, in Islam and Salwa, in silly, once blessed, and in the Urdu year, sāl. Episode VI, Salām, makes the case; the words wait here for it.

• Arabicas-Salām · salāmthe Peace, free of every flaw and failing, who keeps His creatures safe, one of the ninety-nine names of God; peace, wholeness — s-l-m, to be safe and sound (Wehr, Lane; al-Tirmidhī 3507): al-maliku l-quddūsu s-salām, the King, the Holy, the Peace (Qur’an 59:23); the word of Episode VI; set on the lamb tab toothe case to come
• Arabicin shāʾa llāh · inshallah · insha’Allahif God wills; its common spellings — in, if, and shāʾa, He willed, from sh-y-ʾ, to will, with Allāh (Wehr, Lane): udkhulū miṣra in shāʾa llāhu āminīn, enter Egypt, if God wills, in safety (Qur’an 12:99); set on the nose and Allah tabs toothe case to come
• Englishshallthe owing, then the future — Old English sceal, I owe; Germanic *skulan- (Kroonen, OED); Watkins *skel-, to be under obligationthe case to come
• Latinsolūtiō · solutionthe loosening; the answer, the dissolving, the liquid with something dissolved in it — Latin solūtiō, from solvere, to loosen, to untie (OED, de Vaan); solution set on the ten, lesson and sun tabs too, and solūtiō on the loud tabthe case to come
• Englishshelterthe cover, the refuge; to give cover — of uncertain origin; the OED sets it, with a perhaps, beside Middle English sheltron, the wall of locked shields, from Old English scyldtruma, the shield-troop (OED); set on the door and loud tabs toothe case to come
• Englishshoulderthe joint of the arm and the body; to bear, to take on — Old English sculdor; West Germanic *skuldrō-, of no sure origin (OED); set on the door and loud tabs toothe case to come
• GreekKeltoí · Celticthe Celts; of the Celts and their tongues — Herodotus’ name for the people in whose land the Danube rises; Latin Celtae; the origin of the name is not settled (Beekes); set on the call and loud tabs too, and Celtic on the duck tabthe case to come
• Arabicislām · Islamsubmission, the giving of oneself over — s-l-m (Wehr, Lane): inna d-dīna ʿinda llāhi l-islām, the religion with God is Islam (Qur’an 3:19); the S-L register’s own word; set on the lamb tab toothe case to come
• Arabicṣalāhthe prayer, five times a day — ṣ-l-w (Wehr, Lane); Aramaic ṣəlōtā; the show hears salām, and salt, given to God; set on the Allah tab toothe case to come
• Hebrewshālōm · Shālēmpeace, wholeness; Salem, Melchizedek’s city, the end of Jerusalem’s name — sh-l-m (Brown, Driver and Briggs): Genesis 14:18; set on the lamb tab toothe case to come
• EnglishSelma · Salmā · Salmathe name; the Arabic name; its common spelling — Arabic Salmā · Salma, a woman’s name on s-l-m, the root of salām (Wehr, Lane); in Europe Selma, from Macpherson’s Ossian, whose Selma is Fingal’s hall, whence the town in Alabama (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); set on the lamb tab toothe case to come
• Latinsalīva · salivaspittle — de Vaan gives it no sure originthe case to come
• Latinsalīnus · salineof salt — from sāl: the dictionary’s own salt
• Latinsalīre · salientto leap; the salient is what leaps out (de Vaan, OED) — set beside the root; salient set on the lay and net tabs toothe case to come
• Greeksalamándra · salamanderthe salamander — origin unknown; a loan from the east, or Pre-Greek (Beekes); set on the lamb and net tabs toothe case to come
• Urdu · Persiansālthe year (Platts, Steingass) — sāl-girah, the birthday, the knot of the yearthe case to come
• Latinsolidus · soldierthe coin, the whole piece — the soldier is the man paid in it (OED); solidus set on the loud tab toothe case to come
• Latinsalārium · salarysalt money — the allowance for salt, from sāl (de Vaan, OED): the dictionary’s own salt; salārium set on the arm tab too
• Old Englishsāwol · soulthe soul — Germanic *saiwalō, of no sure origin; the OED and Kroonen set it, with a perhaps, beside the sea; sāwol set on the ball and sieve tabs toothe case to come
• Latincaelestis · Celestine · Céline · Celineheavenly, from caelum, the sky; the pale-blue mineral celestine, named for its colour; the name Celestine — and Céline, Latin Caelīna, from the Roman name Caelius, set beside it, and Celine without the accent (de Vaan, OED; Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges)the case to come
• BasqueSalazara place-name in Burgos and a surname — Basque sala, the hall, and zahar, old: the old hall (Hanks, Dictionary of American Family Names)the case to come
• Latin*salāta · saladsalted — the Romance *salāta, herba salāta, the salted greens, from sāl through French salade (OED): the dictionary’s own salt; set on the loud tab too
• Englishceilingthe roof of a room — Middle English celing, from ceil, of uncertain origin; perhaps Latin caelum, the sky (OED)the case to come
• Greeksyllabḗ · syllablewhat is taken together — syn, with, and lambánein, to take: the sounds held in one breath; Latin syllaba, Old French sillabe (OED); syllable set on the ball tab toothe case to come
• Latinsyllabusthe list of what is to be taught — a ghost word: a misreading of sittybas, the parchment title-tags, in a printed Cicero of 1470, taken up as if Greek (OED)the case to come
• Greeksélinon · celerythe parsley, the celery — sélinon, through Latin selīnon, Italian seleri, French céleri (OED); Beekes gives it no sure originthe case to come
• Arabicmuslim · Muslimthe one who submits, who gives himself over — s-l-m (Wehr, Lane): huwa sammākumu l-muslimīn, He named you Muslims (Qur’an 22:78); the S-L register’s own word; set on the lamb and muse tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicsalwā · Salwathe quail — al-manna wa-s-salwā, the manna and the quails (Qur’an 2:57); and solace, comfort, s-l-w (Wehr, Lane); a woman’s namethe case to come
• HebrewShāʾūl · Saul · Ṭālūt · Talutasked for, prayed for — sh-ʾ-l, to ask (Brown, Driver and Briggs): the first king; Arabic Ṭālūt, commonly Talut (Qur’an 2:247); Ṭālūt and Talut set on the loud tab toothe case to come
• Englishsoilthe ground — Anglo-Norman soil, Latin solium, a seat, taken for solum, the ground (OED)the case to come
• Englishsillyfoolish; once, blessed, happy — Old English gesǣlig, from sǣl, happiness; Germanic *sēli- (OED, Kroonen)the case to come
• Englishsalamithe salted sausage — Italian salame, from salare, to salt, Latin sāl (OED): the dictionary’s own salt; set on the lamb tab too
• Englishsalon · saloonthe hall — French salon, Italian salone, from sala, a hall, a Germanic word, *sali- (OED, Kroonen)the case to come
• Englishsalterthe salt-maker, the salt-seller — Old English sealtere, from sealt (OED): the dictionary’s own salt; set on the door and loud tabs too
• Englishsell · saleto hand over for a price; the handing over — Old English sellan, to give, and late Old English sala, from Old Norse; Germanic *saljan- (Kroonen, OED); Watkins *sel-, to take, to graspthe case to come
• Englishpencilthe writing stick; first, the painter’s fine brush — Latin pēnicillus, the little tail, from pēnis, the tail (OED, de Vaan); set on the pan and nose tabs toothe case to come
• Englishseltzerthe sparkling water — German Selterser Wasser, from Selters, the village in Hesse with the spring (OED); set on the loud tab toothe case to come
• Englishtonsilthe two glands at the throat’s gate — Latin tōnsillae, of no sure origin (OED, de Vaan); the physician’s word, set on the ten and nose tabs toothe case to come
• Latincella · cella small room, a storeroom; and the unit of life, Hooke’s word of 1665 for the little boxes he saw in cork — cella (OED, de Vaan); Watkins *kel-, to coverthe case to come
• Greekbasilikón · basilthe herb — basilikón, the royal plant, from basileús, the king (OED, Beekes); rayḥān, the same herb, stands on the ray tabthe case to come
• GermanBasel · Basle · Bâlethe city on the Rhine, and the surname taken from it; the older English spelling; the French — Latin Basilia, first in Ammianus Marcellinus, 30.3.1, under the year 374; the origin of the city’s name is not settled; the surname is the habitational name from the city (Hanks, Dictionary of American Family Names); Bâle set on the ball tab toothe case to come
• Greekbasilikḗ · basilicathe royal hall; the great church — basilikḗ stoá, the king’s porch, from basileús (OED, Beekes)the case to come
• Englishsolitude · solitarybeing alone — Latin sōlitūdō, from sōlus, alone (OED, de Vaan); set on the loud tab too, and solitude on the dot tab, and solitary on the door tabthe case to come
• Englishsolidaritystanding together — French solidarité, from solidaire, Latin in solidum, for the whole, on solidus, whole (OED): the solidus of soldier; set on the loud tab toothe case to come
• Englishsolderthe metal that joins — Old French soudure, Latin solidāre, to make solid (OED); set on the loud tab toothe case to come
• Greekpsaltḗrion · psalterthe book of Psalms; first the harp — psaltḗrion, a stringed instrument, from psállein, to pluck (OED, Beekes); set on the door and loud tabs too, and psaltḗrion on the run and face tabsthe case to come
• Englishsilica · siliconthe flint’s stuff — modern Latin, from Latin silex, silicis, flint (OED, de Vaan)the case to come
• Englishsalicylic acid · salicinthe willow’s acid, the aspirin’s parent — Latin salix, salicis, the willow (OED, de Vaan)the case to come
• Latinsalvia · sagethe herb — Latin salvia, from salvus, safe, whole, for its healing; Old French sauge (OED, de Vaan); set on the shook tab too, beside the other word sage, and salvia on the bay tabthe case to come
• Englishseleniumthe element — Berzelius, 1818, on Greek selḗnē, the moon, as tellurium was named for the earth (OED); set on the nay tab toothe case to come
• Englishvesselthe container; the ship; the vein — Old French vaissel, Latin vāscellum, the little vās (OED, de Vaan); Episode IV’s own word, whose sel Episode VI takes up; set on the water tab toothe case to come
• Latinpaeninsula · peninsula · penicillinthe almost-island; the English word; the drug from the mould Penicillium, named for the brush-shaped heads that carry its spores — paene īnsula, almost an island; pēnicillus, the little brush (OED, de Vaan); set on the pan and nose tabs toothe case to come
• ArabicDār as-Salāmthe Abode of Peace — dār, the house, and salām, s-l-m (Wehr, Lane): lahum dāru s-salāmi ʿinda rabbihim, for them is the Abode of Peace with their Lord (Qur’an 6:127); Dar es Salaam; set on the door and lamb tabs toothe case to come
• Englishseal · sealthe sea animal; the stamp, and what it closes — Old English seolh, Germanic *selha- (Kroonen, OED); Old French seel, Latin sigillum, the little sign (OED, de Vaan): two words the dictionaries keep apartthe case to come
• Arabiczalzala · zilzāl · az-Zalzalato shake, to quake; the earthquake; the ninety-ninth sūra — z-l-z-l, the doubled z-l (Wehr, Lane): idhā zulzilati l-arḍu zilzālahā, when the earth is shaken with its quaking (Qur’an 99:1)the case to come
• Arabic · Urduafḍal · afẓal · Afzalthe most excellent, the best; the Urdu form; the name — the elative of fāḍil, from faḍl, the favour, the excellence (Wehr, Lane; Platts): the surname of this show’s host; afẓal and Afzal set on the face tab toothe case to come
• EnglishWesley · Westleythe surname and the given name, and its other spelling, from the places called Westley, the west wood — Old English west and lēah (Hanks, Coates and McClure; Mills); set on the water tab toothe case to come
• Englishutensilthe tool of the house — Latin ūtēnsilis, from ūtī, to use (OED, de Vaan); set on the ten and nose tabs toothe case to come
• Englishdieselthe engine and its fuel, for Rudolf Diesel; the surname — a pet form of Matthias (OED; Hanks); set on the daisy tab toothe case to come
• Englishsilkthe thread of the worm — Old English sioloc, Latin sēricus, of the Sēres, the people of the east (OED)the case to come
• Englishconsole · counsel · consolidationto comfort; the advice, and the adviser; the making solid — Latin cōnsōlārī, from sōlārī, to soothe; cōnsilium; cōnsolidāre, from solidus (OED, de Vaan); set on the gene and nose tabs too, and consolidation on the daisy, sun and loud tabsthe case to come
• EnglishSally · Sylvester · Silvesterthe pet form of Sarah; the name, of the woods; its other spelling — Sally, from Sarah; Latin silvester, from silva, the wood (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); Sylvester and Silvester set on the love, door and side tabs toothe case to come
• Englishsullyto soil, to stain — French souiller, to soil, by the usual account, beside Old English sylian (OED)the case to come
• Arabicmā shāʾa llāh · mashallahwhat God has willed, the word said at a blessing; the common spelling — sh-y-ʾ, to will (Wehr, Lane): mā shāʾa llāhu lā quwwata illā bi-llāh, what God has willed; there is no power but in God (Qur’an 18:39); set on the Allah tab too, and mashallah on the muse tabthe case to come
• Turkish · GreekSelin · Selḗnē · Selenethe name, Turkish, set beside the moon by the usual account; the moon, and the goddess; the English — Greek Selḗnē, from sélas, the light (Beekes)the case to come
• Latinsōlācium · solacethe comfort; the English — sōlārī, to soothe, the root of console (OED, de Vaan); set on the lesson tab toothe case to come
• Arabicahlan wa-sahlan · sahlwelcome, you have come to kin and to level ground; level, easy — s-h-l (Wehr, Lane); set on the hello and shah tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdumuṣallā · musalla · musallahthe place of prayer, and in Urdu the prayer rug; the common spellings — ṣ-l-w, the root of ṣalāh (Wehr, Lane; Platts): wa-ttakhidhū min maqāmi Ibrāhīma muṣallan, and take the station of Abraham as a place of prayer (Qur’an 2:125); set on the muse tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdumasʾala · masla · maslahthe question put, the problem; the common spellings, m-s-l as Urdu says it — s-ʾ-l, to ask (Wehr, Lane; Platts, masʾala); set on the muse tab toothe case to come
• Englishmausoleumthe great tomb, first the tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus — Greek Mausōleîon, after Mausolus (OED); set on the muse, lamb and lay tabs toothe case to come
• Latinmissilis · missile · missalwhat can be thrown; the thing thrown; the Mass book — mittere, to send; medieval Latin missāle, from missa (OED, de Vaan); set on the muse tab too, and missilis on the lesson tabthe case to come
• Koreanseoul · Seoulthe capital, the word itself; the city — Korean seoul, the capital (Martin, Lee and Chang)the case to come
• Englishinsulinthe hormone of the islets, the physician’s word of 1909 — Latin īnsula, the island, for the islets of Langerhans (OED, de Vaan); set on the nose tab toothe case to come
• Englishspecial · spatialof a particular kind, set apart; of space — Latin speciālis, from speciēs, the look, the kind; Latin spatium, the space, with the -al of temporal (OED, de Vaan); Watkins *spek-, to observe, for the first; set on the face tab too, and spatial on the tell tabthe case to come
• Englishcommercialof trade; the advertisement on the air — Latin commercium, com and merx, mercis, the goods (OED, de Vaan); set on the rice and gem tabs toothe case to come
• Englishguzzleto drink or eat greedily — perhaps Old French gosiller, from gosier, the throat (OED); set on the jazz and kiss tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · English · Urdughazāl · gazelle · ghazalthe gazelle; the English, through French; the love poem of Arabic, Persian and Urdu, first the talk of love — gh-z-l (Wehr, Lane); gazelle from French, from Arabic ghazāl (OED); Urdu ghazal (Platts); set on the jazz and kiss tabs toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdughusl · ghusl-khānathe full washing of the body that makes one pure for prayer; the room for bathing, the bathroom, in Urdu — gh-s-l, to wash (Wehr, Lane): wa-lā junuban illā ʿābirī sabīlin ḥattā taghtasilū, nor in a state of major impurity, unless passing through, until you have washed (Qur’an 4:43); Urdu ghusl and ghusl-khāna, with Persian khāna, the house (Platts); set on the jazz and kiss tabs too, and ghusl-khāna on the leg and gene tabsthe case to come
• French · Portuguese · GermanGiselle · Gisèle · Gisele · Giselathe name, from French; its French spelling; its Portuguese spelling, as in Brazil; the German form — Germanic gisil, the pledge, perhaps first of a child given as a pledge for an alliance (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); set on the jazz tab toothe case to come
• PunjabiJasleena Sikh given name, heard as jas, praise, glory, and līn, absorbed: absorbed in praise — Punjabi jas, from Sanskrit yaśas, fame, glory, and līn, from Sanskrit līna, clinging, absorbed (Punjabi University 1994; Monier-Williams): the name read by its parts, this show’s hearing; set on the jazz tab toothe case to come
• Arabickasal · kusālāthe laziness, the sloth; lazily, the sluggish ones — k-s-l (Wehr, Lane): wa-idhā qāmū ilā ṣ-ṣalāti qāmū kusālā, and when they stand up for prayer they stand up lazily (Qur’an 4:142); set on the jazz and kiss tabs toothe case to come
• Englishjostleto push and elbow — joust with -le; Old French juster, from iūxtā, near (OED, de Vaan); set on the jazz tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdutafṣīl · tafseelthe detail, the setting out part by part; its common spelling — f-ṣ-l, faṣṣala, to set out in detail (Wehr, Lane; Platts): wa-tafṣīla kulli shayʾin wa-hudan wa-raḥmatan li-qawmin yuʾminūn, and a setting out of all things, and guidance and mercy for a people who believe (Qur’an 12:111); set on the taffy and face tabs toothe case to come
• Italian · Spanish · PortugueseSalvatore · Salvadorthe name, the Saviour; its Spanish and Portuguese form — Late Latin Salvātor, the Saviour, from salvāre, to save, and salvus, safe, whole (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges; Hanks, Dictionary of American Family Names; de Vaan); set on the water, door and love tabs toothe case to come
• Englishshoal · shoalthe shallow, the sandbank; the crowd of fish — Old English sceald, shallow; Old English scolu, the troop, the multitude, kin to school, of fish (OED): two words the dictionaries keep apartthe case to come
• Englishshouldought to; the past of shall — Old English sceolde, the past of sceal, I owe; Germanic *skulan- (Kroonen, OED); set on the side tab toothe case to come
• Englishshalethe rock that splits into thin leaves — Old English scealu, the shell, the husk, Middle English schale; the rock’s name probably after German Schale, the shell, the thin layer (OED)the case to come
• Englishshellthe hard case; the husk; the charge fired from a gun — Old English sciell, scell (OED); Watkins *skel-, to cut: the piece that flakes off, as Episode III reads itthe case to come
• Sanskrit · Urduśilājatu · silājīt · shilajitbitumen, the rock-lac; storax, stone-lac, bitumen; the English name of the resin taken as a remedy — Sanskrit śilā, the rock, and jatu, the lac, the gum (Monier-Williams); Urdu silā-jīt, from Sanskrit śilā-jatu and śilā-jit (Platts); set on the leg and God tabs toothe case to come
• Englishshillingthe old coin of twelve pence, the twentieth of a pound; the coin of Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Somalia — Old English scilling; Gothic skilliggs, Old Norse skillingr; a Germanic word of no sure origin (OED)the case to come
• Englishshallownot deep — Middle English schalowe, probably akin to shoal, Old English sceald, shallow (OED)the case to come
• Englishshieldthe board borne against blows; to guard — Old English scield, sceld; Germanic *skeldu- (Kroonen, OED); Watkins *skel-, to cut; set on the loud tab toothe case to come
• Latinsolvere · solve · dissolve · absolve · resolveto loosen, to untie; to find the answer, to work out; to melt away, to break up; to set free, to pardon; to decide, to settle, to break into parts — Latin solvere, from *se-luō, sē-, apart, and luere, to loosen (de Vaan, OED); set on the love tab too, solvere on the bar tab, dissolve on the daisy tab, and absolve on the best tab, and resolve on the rice tabthe case to come
• EnglishSelena · Selinathe given name; its other spelling — of uncertain origin: perhaps Latin Caelīna, from the Roman family name Caelius, or Greek selḗnē, the moon (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges)the case to come
• Latin · EnglishCaelia · Celiathe Roman woman’s name; the English given name — the feminine of Caelius, the Roman family name, perhaps from caelum, the sky (Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges); Caelia set on the call tab too, and Celia on the lay tabthe case to come
• Englishritualthe order of the rite, the t said as ch — Latin rituālis, from rītus, the custom (de Vaan, OED); set on the earth, tell, call and rock tabs toothe case to come
• Englishnasalof the nose — Latin nāsus, nāsālis (OED); set on the nose tab toothe case to come
• Arabicrasūl · rasul · risālathe messenger, the one sent with a message; its common spelling; the message, the letter — r-s-l, arsala, to send (Wehr, Lane): muḥammadun rasūlu llāh, Muḥammad is the Messenger of God (Qur’an 48:29); set on the rice tab toothe case to come
• HebrewYərūshālayim · Yerushalayim · Jerusalemthe city; the same, in its common spelling; the English — Yərūshālayim (Brown, Driver and Briggs); set on the your and rice tabs too, and Jerusalem on the care and lamb tabs, and Yərūshālayim and Yerushalayim on the lay and yam tabsthe case to come
• Englishyourselfyou, and no other — your and self (OED); set on the your and rice tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicṣāliḥ · ṣāliḥāt · ṣulḥ · iṣlāḥrighteous, good, sound; the righteous deeds; the reconciliation, the peace made; the setting right, the reform — ṣ-l-ḥ, to be good, sound, right (Wehr, Lane): illā lladhīna āmanū wa-ʿamilū ṣ-ṣāliḥāt, except those who believe and do righteous deeds (Qur’an 103:3); wa-ṣ-ṣulḥu khayr, and reconciliation is better (4:128); in urīdu illā l-iṣlāḥa mā staṭaʿt, I want only to set things right as far as I am able (11:88); set on the Allah tab too, and ṣāliḥāt on the head tabthe case to come
• ArabicṢāliḥ · Saleh · Salihthe prophet sent to Thamūd; its common spellings — the participle of ṣalaḥa, righteous (Wehr, Lane): wa-ilā Thamūda akhāhum Ṣāliḥan, and to Thamūd their brother Ṣāliḥ (Qur’an 7:73); set on the Allah tab toothe case to come
• Englishcastlethe fortified house of a lord — Latin castellum, the diminutive of castrum, the fort (OED, de Vaan): said without its t; set on the kiss tab toothe case to come
• Englishrehearsalthe practising before the performance — from rehearse, Anglo-Norman reherser, Old French rehercier, to harrow over again (OED); set on the rūḥ, hair and rice tabs toothe case to come
• Arabicfayṣal · Fayṣal · Faisal · Feisalthe arbiter, the judge who decides, and the sword that cuts; the name; its common spellings — f-ṣ-l, faṣala, to separate, to decide (Wehr, Lane); set on the pay tab toothe case to come
• Urdu · Hindimasālā · masalathe spices, the ingredients ground together; its common spelling — Arabic maṣāliḥ, the things needed, the plural of maṣlaḥa (Platts, OED); set on the muse tab toothe case to come
• Arabic · Urdufaṣl · faslthe parting, the separation, the decision, the chapter, the season; its common spelling, and in Urdu the season and the harvest — f-ṣ-l, faṣala, to separate (Wehr, Lane; Platts): inna yawma l-faṣli kāna mīqātā, the Day of Decision is an appointed time (Qur’an 78:17); set on the face tab toothe case to come